Genom

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Genom sī chi̍t-ê seng-bu̍t kò-thé ê só͘-iú ûi-thôan sìn-sit. It-poaⁿ sī DNA phian-bé (encode), iā ū chi̍t-kóa pēⁿ-to̍k sī iû RNA lâi phian-bé. Genom lāi-té pau-hâm ki-in kap hui-phian-bé sū-lia̍t (non-coding sequence).

Múi chi̍t khóan seng-bu̍t ê genom chhùn-chhioh (genome size) kap ki-in sò͘-liōng lóng bô saⁿ sio-kāng, ki-in sò͘-liōng siāng-chē tāi-iok 60,000 ê, sī chi̍t-chióng gôan-seng-tōng-bu̍t (protozoan). Lâng (Homo sapiens) ê genom lāi-bīn tāi-iok ū 20000 kàu 25000 ê ki-in[1], iû 30 ek ê iâm-ki tùi (base pair, bp) lâi chó͘-sêng.

"Genom" chit-ê bêng-sû sī Tek-kok kho-ha̍k-ka Hans Winkler tī 1920 nî só͘ chhòng-chō, sī "gene" (ki-in) kap "-ome" (chóng-thé) nn̄g ê jī ê ha̍p-thé. Choan-bûn gián-kiù genom ê ha̍k-kho hō-chòe genom-ha̍k (genomics), gián-kiù lāi-iông chú-iàu sī chi̍t-khóan seng-bu̍t ê chéng-thé genom.

[siu-kái] Kok-chióng seng-bu̍t ê genom pí-kàu

Seng-bu̍t Chhùn-chhioh
b=base pairs		 Note
pēⁿ-to̍k, Bacteriophage MS2 3.569×103b Siāng-chá chhek-tēng (sequence) chhut-lâi ê RNA-genom[2]
pēⁿ-to̍k, SV40 5.224×103b [3]
pēⁿ-to̍k, Phage Φ-X174; 5.386×103b Siāng-chá chhek-tēng chhut-lâi ê DNA-genom[4]
pēⁿ-to̍k, Phage λ 50×104b
Sè-khún, Haemophilus influenzae 1.83×106b Siāng-chá chhek-tēng chhut-lâi ê genom[5]
Sè-khún, Carsonella ruddii 1.60×105b Siāng-sió ê hui-pēⁿ-to̍k genom, Feb 2007
Sè-khún, Buchnera aphidicola 6×105b
Sè-khún, Wigglesworthia glossinidia 7×105b
Sè-khún, Escherichia coli 4×106b [6]
Amoeba, Amoeba dubia 6.7×1011b Bo̍k-chêng chai-iáⁿ siāng-tōa ê genom, Dec 2005
Si̍t-bu̍t, Arabidopsis thaliana 1.57×108b Siāng-chá chhek-tēng chhut-lâi ê si̍t-bu̍t genom[7]
Si̍t-bu̍t, Genlisea margaretae 6.34×107b
Si̍t-bu̍t, Fritillaria assyrica 1.3×1011b
Si̍t-bu̍t, Populus trichocarpa 4.80×108b
kàⁿ-bó (yeast), Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2×107b [8]
Fungus, Aspergillus nidulans 3×107b
Nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans 9.8×107b [9]
Khun-thiông, Drosophila melanogaster 1.3×108b [10]
Khun-thiông, Bombyx mori 5.3×108b
Khun-thiông, Apis mellifera 1.77×109b
Hî, Tetraodon nigroviridis 3.85×108b
Chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t, Homo sapiens 3.2×109b
Hî, Protopterus aethiopicus 1.30×1011b

[siu-kái] Chham-khó chu-liāu

  1. ↑ International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium (2004). "Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.". Nature 431 (7011): 931-45. PMID 15496913. 
  2. ↑ Fiers W, et al. (1976). "Complete nucleotide-sequence of bacteriophage MS2-RNA - primary and secondary structure of replicase gene". Nature 260: 500-507. doi:10.1038/260500a0. PMID 1264203. 
  3. ↑ Fiers W, Contreras R, Haegemann G, Rogiers R, Van de Voorde A, Van Heuverswyn H, Van Herreweghe J, Volckaert G, Ysebaert M (1978). "Complete nucleotide sequence of SV40 DNA". Nature 273 (5658): 113-120. doi:10.1038/273113a0. PMID 205802. 
  4. ↑ Sanger F, Air GM, Barrell BG, Brown NL, Coulson AR, Fiddes CA, Hutchison CA, Slocombe PM, Smith M (1977). "Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA". Nature 265 (5596): 687-695. doi:10.1038/265687a0. PMID 870828. 
  5. ↑ Fleischmann R, Adams M, White O, Clayton R, Kirkness E, Kerlavage A, Bult C, Tomb J, Dougherty B, Merrick J (1995). "Whole-genome random sequencing and assembly of Haemophilus influenzae Rd". Science 269 (5223): 496-512. doi:10.1126/science.7542800. PMID 7542800. 
  6. ↑ Frederick R. Blattner, Guy Plunkett III, et al.. "The Complete Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli K-12". science 277. doi:10.1126/science.277.5331.1453. 
  7. ↑ Greilhuber, J., Borsch, T., Müller, K., Worberg, A., Porembski, S., and Barthlott, W. (2006). "Smallest angiosperm genomes found in Lentibulariaceae, with chromosomes of bacterial size". Plant Biology 8. PMID 17203433. 
  8. ↑ A. Goffeau et al. (1996-10-25). "Life with 6000 genes". Science 274. doi:10.1126/science.274.5287.546. 
  9. ↑ The C. elegans Sequencing Consortium (1998). Genome sequence of the nematode C. elegans: a platform for investigating biology. Science 282 (5396): 2012-2018. doi:10.1126/science.282.5396.2012. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 9851916. 
  10. ↑ Adams MD, Celniker SE, Holt RA, et al (2000). "The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster". Science 287 (5461): 2185–95. doi:10.1126/science.287.5461.2185. PMID 10731132. Retrieved on 2007-05-25. 

[siu-kái] Koan-liân bûn-chiuⁿ

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