Hó͘ ku-á

Hóo ku-á; Sî-kan hoān-ûi: Aptian–Recent PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Lophyra sp teh Tanzania
Kho-ha̍k hun-lūi
Kài:	Animalia
Kong:	Insecta
Bo̍k:	Coleoptera
Kho:	Carabidae
A-kho:	Cicindelinae; Latreille, 1802
Tso̍k
	Amblycheilini; Cicindelini; Collyridini; Manticorini; Megacephalini;
Siâng-ì-miâ
	Cicindelidae Latreille, 1802;

Hóo ku-á (ing-gú: tiger beetle; cicindelinae) sī cicindelinae a-kho (subfamily) ê tsi̍t-tuā-luī ku-á, í tshut-miâ teh i-ê kong-kik lia̍h-si̍t ê sìng-tē kah tsáu-pio ê sok-tōo. Í-king tsai-á siōng kín ê hóo ku-á rivacindela hudsoni (cicindela hudsoni) ê sî-sok uî 9 km/h (5.6 mph; 2.5 m/s), ia̍h-sī ta̍k-bió tāi-iok 125-puē ê thé-tn̂g.^[1] Tsia̍t-tsí 2005-nî, í-king tsai-á tāi-iok ū 2600 guā-ê bu̍t-tsiòng kah a-tsióng, kî-tiong to-iūnn-sìng siong phong-phài ê tē-khu sī tang-hong tē-khu (Ìntōo - Málâisea), koh-lâi tō sī sin-lia̍t-tài tē-khu (neotropical realm)^[2]

Bu̍t-tsióng hun-luī[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]

Sio̍k[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]

Abroscelis Hope, 1838
Amblycheila Say, 1829
Aniara Hope, 1838
Antennaria Dokhtouroff, 1883
Apteroessa Hope, 1838
Archidela Rivalier, 1963
Baloghiella Mandl, 1981
Bennigsenium W. Horn, 1897
Brasiella Rivalier, 1954
Caledonica Chaudoir, 1860
Caledonomorpha W. Horn, 1897
Callidema Guerin-Meneville, 1843
Callytron Gistl, 1848
Calomera Motschulsky, 1862
Calyptoglossa Jeannel, 1946
Cenothyla Rivalier, 1969
Cephalota Dokhtouroff, 1883
Chaetodera Jeannel, 1946
Cheilonycha Lacordaire, 1843
Cheiloxya Guerin-Meneville, 1855
Cicindela Linnaeus, 1758
Collyris Fabricius, 1801
Cratohaerea Chaudoir, 1850
†Cretotetracha Zhao et al., 2019
Ctenostoma Klug, 1821
Cylindera Westwood, 1831
Darlingtonica Cassola, 1986
Derocrania Chaudoir, 1860
Diastrophella Rivalier, 1957
Dilatotarsa Dokhtouroff, 1882
Distipsidera Westwood, 1837
Dromica Dejean, 1826
Dromicoida Werner, 1995
Dromochorus Guerin-Meneville, 1845
Ellipsoptera Dokhtouroff, 1883
Enantiola Rivalier, 1961
Eunota Rivalier, 1954
Euprosopus Dejean, 1825
Euryarthron Guerin-Meneville, 1849
Eurymorpha Hope, 1838
Euzona Rivalier, 1963
Grammognatha Motschulsky, 1850
Grandopronotalia W. Horn, 1936
Guineica Rivalier, 1963
Habrodera Motschulsky, 1862
Habroscelimorpha Dokhtouroff, 1883
Heptodonta Hope, 1838
Hypaetha Leconte, 1860
Iresia Dejean, 1831
Jansenia Chaudoir, 1865
Langea W. Horn, 1901
Leptognatha Rivalier, 1963
Lophyra Motschulsky, 1859
Macfarlandia Sumlin, 1981
Manautea Deuve, 2006
Mantica Kolbe, 1896
Manticora Fabricius, 1781
Megacephala Latreille, 1802
Megalomma Westwood, 1842
Metriocheila Thomson, 1857
Micromentignatha Sumlin, 1981
Microthylax Rivalier, 1954
Myriochila Motschulsky, 1862
Naviauxella Cassola, 1988
Neochila Basilewsky, 1953
Neocicindela Rivalier, 1963
Neocollyris W. Horn, 1901
Neolaphyra Bedel, 1895
Nickerlea W. Horn, 1899
Notospira Rivalier, 1961
Odontocheila Laporte, 1834
Omus Eschscholtz, 1829
Opilidia Rivalier, 1954
Opisthencentrus W. Horn, 1893
Orthocindela Rivalier, 1972
Oxycheila Dejean, 1825
†Oxycheilopsis Cassola & Werner, 2004
Oxygonia Mannerheim, 1837
Oxygoniola W. Horn, 1892
Paraphysodeutera J. Moravec, 2002
Pentacomia Bates, 1872
Peridexia Chaudoir, 1860
Phaeoxantha Chaudoir, 1850
Phyllodroma Lacordaire, 1843
Physodeutera Lacordaire, 1843
Picnochile Motschulsky, 1856
Platychile Macleay, 1825
Pogonostoma Klug, 1835
Polyrhanis Rivalier, 1963
Pometon Fleutiaux, 1899
Prepusa Chaudoir, 1850
Probstia Cassola, 2002
Pronyssa Bates, 1874
Pronyssiformia W. Horn, 1929
Prothyma Hope, 1838
Prothymidia Rivalier, 1957
Protocollyris Mandl, 1975
Pseudotetracha Fleutiaux, 1894
Pseudoxycheila Guerin-Meneville, 1839
Rhysopleura Sloane, 1906
Rhytidophaena Bates, 1891
Rivacindela Nidek, 1973
Ronhuberia J. Moravec & Kudrna, 2002
Salpingophora Rivalier, 1950
Socotrana Cassola & Wranik, 1998
Stenocosmia Rivalier, 1965
Sumlinia Cassola & Werner, 2001
Tetracha Hope, 1838
Therates Latreille, 1816
Thopeutica Schaum, 1861
Tricondyla Latreille, 1822
Vata Fauvel, 1903
Waltherhornia Olsoufieff, 1934

Tsù-kái[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]

↑ Friedlander, Blaine (1998-01-16). "Cornell News, Jan. 16, 1998 When tiger beetles chase prey at high speeds they go blind temporarily, Cornell entomologists learn". News.cornell.edu. 2020-10-26 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ Pearson, D.L. & F. Cassola, 2005

Tsham-khó bûn-hiàn[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]

Further new country records of African Tiger Beetles with some taxonomical note (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae) by Peter Schüle. Entomologia Africana 15(2)2010.
The Tiger beetles of Africa by Karl Werner, Taita Publishers 2000.
A Quantitative Analysis of Species Descriptions of Tiger Beetles (Coleoptera Cicindelidae), from 1758 to 2004, and Notes about Related Developments in Biodiversity Studies by D.L. Pearson and F. Cassola. The Coleopterists Bulletin Vol 59, n°2, June 2005.
Tiger Beetles of Alberta: Killers on the Clay, Stalkers on the Sand by John Acorn. University of Alberta Press, 2001.
Tiger Beetles: The Evolution, Ecology, and Diversity of the Cicindelids by David L. Pearson and Alfried P. Vogler. Cornell University Press, 2001.
A Field Guide to the Tiger Beetles of the United States and Canada by David L. Pearson, C. Barry Knisley and Charles J. Kazilek. Oxford University Press, 2005.
The Beetles of the World, volumes 13 [1], 15 [2] Archived 2010-08-05 at the Wayback Machine., 18 [3] & 20 [4] by Karl Werner, Sciences Nat, Venette, 1991, 1992, 1993 & 1995.

Tsham-ua̍t[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]

Hóe-chheⁿ bî-liōng khì-thé tui-chong ūi-chheⁿ(Hué-tsheñ bî-liōng khì-thé tui-tsong uī-tsheñ; eng-gí: ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter)
Kardashev Chhioh-tō͘ (Kardashev tshioh-tōo; Lō͘-se-a-gí: Шкала Кардашёва (eng-gí: Kardashev Scale); hàn-gí: 卡爾達肖夫尺度, 卡爾達肖夫指數)
Khong-kan chhioh-tō͘ (khong-kan tshioh-tōo; eng-gí: Spatial scale; hàn-gí: 空間尺度)
Tâi-oân hui-tia̍p ha̍k-hoē (Tâi-uân hui-tia̍p ha̍k-huē; eng-gí: Taiwan UFOlogy Society; hàn-gí: 台灣飛碟學會)
Thong-iōng tōng-le̍k (thong-iōng tōng-li̍k, thong-iōng tōng-li̍k kong-si, thong-iōng tōng-le̍k kong-si; General Dynamics, General Dynamics Corporation (GD); 通用動力, 通用動力公司)