Goân-chó͘ Ìn-Au giân-gí

Proto-Indo-European
PIE
Reconstruction of	Indo-European languages
Region	Proto-Indo-European homeland, most likely on the Pang-bô͘:Nbr
Era	c. 4500 – c. 2500 BC
Lower-order reconstructions	Proto-Albanian Proto-Anatolian Proto-Armenian Proto-Balto-Slavic Proto-Celtic Proto-Germanic Proto-Greek Proto-Indo-Iranian Proto-Italic Proto-Tocharian

Goân-chó͘ Ìn-Au giân-gí sī giân-gí-ha̍k têng-kiàn ê Ìn-Au giân-gí-hē kiōng-tông chó͘-sian. Pí-kàu kî-tha ê goân-chó͘ giân-gí, Ìn-Au hē-thóng siū tio̍h siāng kài siông-sè ê gián-kiù, sī ha̍k-kài liáu-kái siāng chheng-chhó ê chi̍t khoán.

Tsham-khó bûn-hiàn

• Anthony, David W.; Ringe, Don (2015). "The Indo-European Homeland from Linguistic and Archaeological Perspectives". Annual Review of Linguistics. 1 (1): 199–219. doi:10.1146/annurev-linguist-030514-124812. 
• Bomhard, Allan (2019). "The Origins of Proto-Indo-European: The Caucasian Substrate Hypothesis". Journal of Indo-European Studies. 47 (1–2). 
• Clackson, James (2007-10-18). Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808616. ISBN 978-0-521-65367-1. 
• Fortson, Benjamin W. (2010). Indo-European language and culture: an introduction (2nd pán.). Malden, MA: Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-405-18896-8. 
• Kapović, Mate (2017). "Proto-Indo-European phonology". Chū Kapović, Mate. The Indo-European Languages (2nd pán.). London: Routledge. pp. 13–60. ISBN 978-0-415-73062-4. 
• Mallory, J. P. (1989). In Search of the Indo-Europeans: Language, Archaeology, and Myth. Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-05052-1. 
• Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006), The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-199-29668-2 
• Meier-Brügger, Michael (2003), Indo-European Linguistics, New York: De Gruyter, ISBN 3-110-17433-2 
• Szemerenyi, Oswald J. L. (1997-02-13). Introduction to Indo-European Linguistics. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oso/9780198240150.001.0001. ISBN 978-1-383-01320-7. 
• Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2022). "Voiceless high vowels and syncope in older Indo-European" (PDF). Italian Journal of Linguistics. 32 (1): 175–190. doi:10.26346/1120-2726-153. 
• Kümmel, Martin Joachim. "Uvular Stops or a Glottal Fricative? Theory and Data in Recent Reconstructions of PIE "Laryngeals"" (PDF). Seminar für Indogermanistik. 
• Klein, Jared; Joseph, Brian; Fritz, Matthias, pian. (2017-09-25), Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics, 1, De Gruyter Mouton, doi:10.1515/9783110261288, ISBN 978-3-110-26128-8 
• Klein, Jared; Joseph, Brian; Fritz, Matthias, pian. (2017-10-23), "Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook", Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics, De Gruyter Mouton, 2, doi:10.1515/9783110523874, ISBN 978-3-110-52387-4 
• Klein, Jared; Joseph, Brian; Fritz, Matthias, pian. (2018-06-11), Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics, 3, De Gruyter Mouton, doi:10.1515/9783110542431, ISBN 978-3-110-54243-1 
• Strazny, Philipp, pian. (2000), Dictionary of Historical and Comparative Linguistics, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-579-58218-0 

Guā-pōo liân-kiat

Wiktionary

Khì Wiktionary chhâ
Appendix:Proto-Indo-European Swadesh list chit ê sû.

• At the University of Texas Linguistic Research Center: List of online books Archived 28 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine., Indo-European Lexicon
• Proto-Indo-European Lexicon at the University of Helsinki, Department of Modern Languages, Department of World Cultures, Indo-European Studies
• "Wheel and chariot in early IE: What exactly can we conclude from the linguistic data?" (PDF). Martin Joachim Kümmel, department of Indo-European linguistics, University of Jena. 
• Indo-European Lexical Cognacy Database Archived 7 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
• glottothèque – Ancient Indo-European Grammars online, an online collection of video lectures on Ancient Indo-European languages