Jîm-sîn E Loān

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Japanese invasions of Korea

The Japanese landing at Pusan
Sî-kanMay 23, 1592 – December 16, 1598 (Gregorian Calendar);
Wanli 20, 13th day of the 4th month – Wanli 26, 19th day of the 11th month (Lunar calendar)
Tē-tiám
Kiat-kó

Joseon and Ming victory[1]

  • Withdrawal of Japanese forces from Korean peninsula following military stalemate[2]
Kau-chiàn-hong
Joseon Korea
Ming China
Japan
Chí-hui-koaⁿ kap léng-tō-chiá

Joseon
Political leaders
King Seonjo
Prince Gwanghae
Ryu Seong-ryong
Yun Du-su
Military commanders
Gwon Yul
Yi Sun-sin 
Yi Eokgi 
Won Gyun 
Sin Rip 
Gim Si-min 
Song Sang-hyeon 
Go Gyeong-myeong 
Gim Cheon-il 
Jo Heon 
Yi Il
Gwak Jae-u
Jeong Gi-ryong
Gim Deok-nyeong
Yujeong
Hyujeong
Jeong Mun-bu
Gim Chung-seon


Ming
Political leaders
Wanli Emperor
Zhao Zhigao
Wang Xijue
Inspectors, General, Field Commanders
Chen Lin
Song Yingchang
Ma Gui (pr.)
Yang Hao
Li Shizhen
Li Rusong
Wu Weizhong
Deng Zilong 

Qian Shizhen et al.

Toyotomi regime
Political leaders
Emperor Go-Yōzei
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Toyotomi Hidetsugu
Military commanders
Toyotomi Hidekatsu
Ukita Hideie
Kobayakawa Hidetoshi
Kobayakawa Takakage
Kobayakawa Hidekane
Mōri Terumoto
Mōri Hidemoto
Mōri Yoshimasa
Uesugi Kagekatsu
Nabeshima Naoshige
Hosokawa Tadaoki
Katō Kiyomasa
Katō Yoshiaki
Shimazu Yoshihiro
Shimazu Toyohisa
Shimazu Tadatsune
Hachisuka Iemasa
Konishi Yukinaga
Ōtomo Yoshimune
Tachibana Muneshige
Tsukushi Hirokado
Ankokuji Ekei
Ikoma Chikamasa
Ikoma Kazumasa
Kuroda Nagamasa
Sō Yoshitoshi
Fukushima Masanori
Kurushima Michifusa 
Chōsokabe Motochika
Tōdō Takatora
Arima Harunobu
Akizuki Tanenaga
Itō Suketaka
Kuki Yoshitaka
Wakisaka Yasuharu
Ōmura Yoshiaki
Ōtani Yoshitsugu
Hasegawa Hidekazu
Gamō Ujisato

Ishida Mitsunari
Peng-le̍k

Joseon:
84,500+[3]–192,000[4] (including sailors and insurgent fighters)[4]
300 ships (200 scuttled in the initial phase of the war)[5]
Ming:
1st. (1592–93)
48,000[6][7][8]

2nd. (1597–98)
50,000 soldiers (including naval reinforcements)[9][10]
Total: 100,000 Ming[11][12]
192,000 Joseon[4]

Japan
1st. (1592)
158,800[13] (including labourers and sailors)[4]
700 transport ships[14]
300 warships[15]
2nd. (1597–98)
141,900[16]

1,000 ships (some armed with cannons)[17]
Total: ~300,000[13][16]
Sí-siong

Joseon: 1,000,000+ civilian and military deaths[4] (including 260,000+ troops killed or wounded)
50,000–60,000 captives[18]

157 ships[19]
Ming: ~20,000 killed[19][18]
Japan: 100,000+ soldiers killed[4][20]
450 ships[2]

Jîm-sîn E Loān (壬辰倭亂) sī Ji̍t-pún tī 1592 nî kàu 1598 nî chi-kan chhim-lio̍k Tiâu-sián ông-tiâu ê 1 ê chiàn-cheng.

Tsù-kái[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]

  1. Lee, Kenneth (1997). Korea and East Asia: The Story of a Phoenix. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 108. ISBN 978-0275958237. March 26, 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.  "Thus the Korea–Japan War of 1592–1598 came to a conclusion, with the Japanese totally defeated and in full-scale retreat. The Korean victory did not come easily."
  2. 2.0 2.1 Turnbull, Stephen. Samurai Invasions of Korea 1592–1598, p. 87. "Out of 500 Japanese ships only 50 survived to limp home."
  3. Hawley 2005, p. 269.
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 "The Imjin War, 1592–98". 17 October 2017. goân-loē-iông tī 14 July 2020 hőng khó͘-pih. 
  5. Hawley 2005, p. 148.
  6. Swope 2009, p. 333.
  7. Hawley 2005, p. 338.
  8. Hawley 2005, p. 305.
  9. Hawley 2005, p. 442.
  10. "A critique of Samuel Hawley's the Imjin War: Japan's Sixteenth-Century Invasion of Korea and Attempt to Conquer China – Part 2: The second invasion | Great Ming Military". 16 August 2019. 
  11. Swope 2009, p. 8.
  12. Li Guangtao's estimate
  13. 13.0 13.1 Hawley 2005, p. 105.
  14. Hawley 2005, p. 115.
  15. Hawley, p. 116.
  16. 16.0 16.1 Hawley 2005, p. 433.
  17. Hawley 2005, p. 446.
  18. 18.0 18.1 Turnbull 2002, p. 230.
  19. 19.0 19.1 Turnbull 2002, p. 222.
  20. Pang., Loretta (1997). Horizons. History 241W: Asian History from the 15th Century to Present. Kapiolani Community College's. 

Guā-pōo liân-kiat[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]

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