Pang-bô͘:Program execution

Program execution
General concepts
Code Translation Compiler Compile time Optimizing compiler Intermediate representation (IR) Execution Runtime system Runtime Executable Interpreter Virtual machine
Types of code
Source code Object code Bytecode Machine code Microcode
Compilation strategies
Ahead-of-time (AOT) Just-in-time (JIT) Tracing just-in-time Transcompilation Recompilation
Notable runtimes
Android Runtime (ART) BEAM Common Language Runtime (CLR) and Mono CPython and PyPy crt0 Java virtual machine (JVM) LuaJIT Objective-C and Swift's V8 and Node.js Zend Engine
Notable compilers & toolchains
GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) LLVM and Clang