Siaⁿ-tiāu hû-hō

Wikipedia (chū-iû ê pek-kho-choân-su) beh kā lí kóng...
Rising and falling tones[1]
˩˥ ˧˥ ˨˦ ˩˧ ˩˩˧
˥˩ ˥˧ ˦˨ ˧˩ ˥˥˧
Peaking and dipping tones[1]
˩˥˧ ˧˥˩ ˧˥˧ ˩˧˩
˥˩˧ ˧˩˥ ˥˧˥ ˧˩˧
˨˦˨ ˦˨˦ ˨˩˧꜔꜓꜕
Contour-tone letters are composed as sequences:
˥ ˧˥˧, ˧ ˩ ˧˧˩˧
Register tones
˥ ˦ ˧ ˨ ˩
꜒ ꜓ ꜔ ꜕ ꜖
IPA pian-hō 519–523
Entity (decimal) ˥–˩
pian-bé
Unicode cha̍p-la̍k-chìn-ūi U+02E5–U+02E9
Level tones
˥ ˧ ˩
˥ ˩
Long level-tone letters are commonly used for non-checked syllables and short letters for checked syllables, though this is not an IPA distinction.
The tone contours of Mandarin Chinese. In the convention for Chinese, 1 is low and 5 is high. The corresponding tone letters are ˥ , ˧˥ , ˨˩˦ , ˥˩.

Siann-tiāu hû-hō (ing-gú: tone letter; tiāu-hû, gōo-tōo piau-kì huat (five level tone mark); ji̍t-gú: 声調記号 (siann-tiāu kì-hō)) tio̍h-sī gōo-tōo tsè tiāu-ti̍t piau-kì huat, sī Tiō Goân-jīm tī 1920 nî-tāi huat-bîng ê tsi̍t-tsióng kì-lio̍k gú-giân tiāu-ti̍t ê hong-huat[2]. Tiāu-hû teh Hàn-gú hong-giân, miâu-iâu gú [en], í-ki̍p tōng-tâi gú [en] ê tiâu-tsa tang-tiong tāi-liōng sú-iōng; teh kî-thann gú-giân ê biâu-siá tang-tiong iah-ū tsiânn-tsē íng-hióng.

Unicode lāi-té ê Siann-tiāu hû-hō[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]

Teh Unicode lāi-té, IPA siann-tiāu hû-hō ê pian-bé jû-hā:[3]

Piau-tsún kùn-á hîng siann-tiāu hû-hō
  • U+02E5 ˥ MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-HIGH TONE BAR (HTML ˥)
  • U+02E6 ˦ MODIFIER LETTER HIGH TONE BAR (HTML ˦)
  • U+02E7 ˧ MODIFIER LETTER MID TONE BAR (HTML ˧)
  • U+02E8 ˨ MODIFIER LETTER LOW TONE BAR (HTML ˨)
  • U+02E9 ˩ MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-LOW TONE BAR (HTML ˩)
Tó-píng ê siann-tiāu hû-hō
  • U+A712 MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-HIGH LEFT-STEM TONE BAR (HTML ꜒)
  • U+A713 MODIFIER LETTER HIGH LEFT-STEM TONE BAR (HTML ꜓)
  • U+A714 MODIFIER LETTER MID LEFT-STEM TONE BAR (HTML ꜔)
  • U+A715 MODIFIER LETTER LOW LEFT-STEM TONE BAR (HTML ꜕)
  • U+A716 MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-LOW LEFT-STEM TONE BAR (HTML ꜖)

Tsia--ê án siann-tiāu khing-khak [en] ê sūn-sū tsoo-ha̍p.

Tiám ê siann-tiāu hû-hō piáu-sī lû-hā:

Tiám ê siann-tiāu hû-hō
  • U+A708 MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-HIGH DOTTED TONE BAR (HTML ꜈)
  • U+A709 MODIFIER LETTER HIGH DOTTED TONE BAR (HTML ꜉)
  • U+A70A MODIFIER LETTER MID DOTTED TONE BAR (HTML ꜊)
  • U+A70B MODIFIER LETTER LOW DOTTED TONE BAR (HTML ꜋)
  • U+A70C MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-LOW DOTTED TONE BAR (HTML ꜌)
Tò-píng ê siann-tiāu hû-hō
  • U+A70D MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-HIGH DOTTED LEFT-STEM TONE BAR (HTML ꜍)
  • U+A70E MODIFIER LETTER HIGH DOTTED LEFT-STEM TONE BAR (HTML ꜎)
  • U+A70F MODIFIER LETTER MID DOTTED LEFT-STEM TONE BAR (HTML ꜏)
  • U+A710 MODIFIER LETTER LOW DOTTED LEFT-STEM TONE BAR (HTML ꜐)
  • U+A711 MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-LOW DOTTED LEFT-STEM TONE BAR (HTML ꜑)

Although not defined specifically as IPA, many of the IPA staveless tone letters (or at least approximations of them, depending on the font) are available in Unicode:

Bi̍k-jīm hi̍k-tsiá kuân bô kùn-á hîng siann-tiāu hû-hō
  • U+02C9 ˉ MODIFIER LETTER MACRON (HTML ˉ)
  • U+02CA ˊ MODIFIER LETTER ACUTE ACCENT (HTML ˊ)
  • U+02CB ˋ MODIFIER LETTER GRAVE ACCENT (HTML ˋ)
  • U+02C6 ˆ MODIFIER LETTER CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT (HTML ˆ⧼dot-separator⧽ ˆ)
  • U+02C7 ˇ CARON (HTML ˇ⧼dot-separator⧽ ˇ, ˇ)
  • U+02DC ˜ SMALL TILDE (HTML ˜⧼dot-separator⧽ ˜, ˜)
  • U+02D9 ˙ DOT ABOVE (HTML ˙⧼dot-separator⧽ ˙, ˙)[4]
Tiong bô kùn-á hîng siann-tiāu hû-hō
  • U+02D7 ˗ MODIFIER LETTER MINUS SIGN (HTML ˗)
  • U+02F4 ˴ MODIFIER LETTER MIDDLE GRAVE ACCENT (HTML ˴)
  • U+223C TILDE OPERATOR (HTML ∼⧼dot-separator⧽ ∼, ∼, ∼, ∼)
  • U+223D REVERSED TILDE (HTML ∽⧼dot-separator⧽ ∽, ∽)
  • U+00B7 · MIDDLE DOT (HTML ·⧼dot-separator⧽ ·, ·, ·)
Kē bô kùn-á hîng siann-tiāu hû-hō
  • U+02CD ˍ MODIFIER LETTER LOW MACRON (HTML ˍ)
  • U+02CF ˏ MODIFIER LETTER LOW ACUTE ACCENT (HTML ˏ)
  • U+02CE ˎ MODIFIER LETTER LOW GRAVE ACCENT (HTML ˎ)
  • U+A788 MODIFIER LETTER LOW CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT (HTML ꞈ)
  • U+02EC ˬ MODIFIER LETTER VOICING (HTML ˬ)
  • U+02F7 ˷ MODIFIER LETTER LOW TILDE (HTML ˷)
  • U+2024 ONE DOT LEADER (HTML ․)

Tsù-kái[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]

  1. 1.0 1.1 A great deal more combinations than these are possible. These examples are only slightly expanded from the limited set of ligatures suggested by Chao for broad phonetic notation, where mid-high and mid-low tones combine only with each other, and level does not combine with rising or falling.
  2. Chao, Y. R. (1930). "ə sistim əv "toun-letəz"". Le Maître Phonétique. 8 (45) (30): 24–27. ISSN 1016-832X. JSTOR 4470434. goân-loē-iông tī 2022-10-19 hőng khó͘-pih. 2022-10-19 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  3. Unicode chart Spacing Modifying Letters (U+02B0.., pdf)
  4. Staveless dots for unaccented (reduced) high, mid and low tones, as well as an example of a more complex staveless tone, are found in Yuen Ren Chao (1927) tʃaɪniːz (piˑkɪŋiːz). Le Maître Phonétique, 3rd series, vol. 5 (42), no. 20, pp. 45-46

Tsham-khó bûn-hiàn[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]

  • Chao, Yuen-Ren (1930), "ə sistim əv "toun-letəz"" [A system of "tone-letters"], Le Maître Phonétique, 30: 24–27, JSTOR 44704341 
  • Chao, Yuen-Ren (1956), "Tone, intonation, singsong, chanting, recitative, tonal composition and atonal composition in Chinese.", chū Halle, Moris, For Roman Jakobson, The Hague: Mouton, pp. 52–59 
  • Chao, Yuen-Ren (1968), A Grammar of Spoken Chinese, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press 
  • Cheng, Teresa M. (1973), "The Phonology of Taishan", Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 1 (2): 256–322 
  • Du, Tsai-Chwun (1988), Tone and Stress in Taiwanese, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan  (Ph.D. Dissertation)
  • Fon, Janice; Chaing, Wen-Yu (1999), "What does Chao have to say about tones?", Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 27 (1): 13–37 
  • International Phonetic Association (1999), Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press 
  • Vance, Timothy J. (1977), "Tonal distinctions in Cantonese", Phonetica, 34 (2): 93–107, doi:10.1159/000259872, PMID 594156 

Tsham-ua̍t[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]

  • JSTOR

Guā-pōo liân-kiat[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]