"Hoân-gí" pán-pún chi-kan bô-kāng--ê tē-hng

Sanskrit
	संस्कृत-, संस्कृतम्; Saṃskṛta-, Saṃskṛtam
Hoat-im	[ˈsɐ̃skr̩tɐm]
Sú-iōng tē-khu	South Asia (ancient and medieval), parts of Southeast Asia (medieval)
Era	c. 1500 – 600 BCE (Vedic Sanskrit); ; 700 BCE – 1350 CE (Classical Sanskrit)
ho̍k-heng	There are no known native speakers of Sanskrit.
Gí-hē	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Sanskrit; ; ;
Chá-kî hêng-sek	Vedic Sanskrit
Bûn-jī hē-thóng	Originally orally transmitted. Not attested in writing until the 1st century BCE, when it was written in the Brahmi script, and later in various Brahmic scripts.
Koaⁿ-hong tē-ūi
Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân	India
Sêng-jīn ê ; chió-sò͘ gí-giân	South Africa
Gí-giân tāi-bé
ISO 639-1	sa
ISO 639-2	san
ISO 639-3	san
Glottolog	sans1269
	Che bûn-chiong pau-hâm IPA hû-hō. Nā-sī bô siong-koan ê jī-hêng chi-oān, lí khó-lêng ē khoàⁿ tio̍h būn-hō, hng-kheng ia̍h-sī khî-thaⁿ hû-hō, bô-hoat-tō͘ chèng-siông hián-sī Unicode jī-goân. Chhiáⁿ lí khoàⁿ Help:IPA.

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2022-nî 7-goe̍h 27-ji̍t (pài-saⁿ) 14:42 ê siu-tēng-pún

Hoân-gí (संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam), sī chi̍t khoán Indo-Aryan gí-giân, sī Ìn-tō͘ chèng-hú kong-pò͘ ê kó͘-tián gí-giân kiam 22 khoán pâi-tēng gí-giân (scheduled language) chi it; mā-sī Uttarakhand pang ê koaⁿ-hong gí-giân. Hoân-gí sī le̍k-sú-siōng tiōng-iàu ê ha̍k-su̍t kap chong-kàu gí-giân.

Tsham-khó bûn-hèn

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External links

"INDICORPUS-31". 31 Sanskrit and Dravidian dictionaries for Lingvo.
Karen Thomson; Jonathan Slocum. "Ancient Sanskrit Online". free online lessons from the "Linguistics Research Center". University of Texas at Austin.
"Samskrita Bharati". an organisation promoting the usage of Sanskrit
"Sanskrit Documents". — Documents in ITX format of Upanishads, Stotras etc.
"Sanskrit texts". Sacred Text Archive.
"Sanskrit Manuscripts". Cambridge Digital Library.
"Lexilogos Devanagari Sanskrit Keyboard". for typing Sanskrit in the Devanagari script.
"Online Sanskrit Dictionary". — sources results from Monier Williams etc.
"The Sanskrit Grammarian". — dynamic online declension and conjugation tool
"Online Sanskrit Dictionary". — Sanskrit hypertext dictionary
"Sanskrit Shlokas collection". — Collection of Sanskrit Shlokas from Various Sanskrit Texts

Pún bûn-chiuⁿ sī chi̍t phiⁿ phí-á-kiáⁿ. Lí thang tàu khok-chhiong lâi pang-chō͘ Wikipedia.

↑ Mascaró, Juan (2003). The Bhagavad Gita. Penguin. pp. 13 ff. ISBN 978-0-14-044918-1. The Bhagawad Gita, an intensely spiritual work, that forms one of the cornerstones of the Hindu faith, and is also one of the masterpieces of Sanskrit poetry. (from the backcover)
↑ Besant, Annie (trans) (1922). The Bhagavad-gita; or, The Lord's Song, with text in Devanagari, and English translation. Madras: G. E. Natesan & Co. प्रवृत्ते शस्त्रसम्पाते धनुरुद्यम्य पाण्डवः ॥ २० ॥
Then, beholding the sons of Dhritarâshtra standing arrayed, and flight of missiles about to begin, ... the son of Pându, took up his bow,(20)
हृषीकेशं तदा वाक्यमिदमाह महीपते । अर्जुन उवाच । ...॥ २१ ॥
And spake this word to Hrishîkesha, O Lord of Earth: Arjuna said: ...
↑ Radhakrishnan, S. (1948). The Bhagavadgītā: With an introductory essay, Sanskrit text, English translation, and notes. London, UK: George Allen and Unwin Ltd. p. 86. ... pravyite Sastrasampate
dhanur udyamya pandavah (20)
Then Arjuna, ... looked at the sons of Dhrtarastra drawn up in battle order; and as the flight of missiles (almost) started, he took up his bow.
hystkesam tada vakyam
idam aha mahipate ... (21)
And, O Lord of earth, he spoke this word to Hrsikesha (Krsna): ...
↑ Uta Reinöhl (2016). Grammaticalization and the Rise of Configurationality in Indo-Aryan. Oxford University Press. pp. xiv, 1–16. ISBN 978-0-19-873666-0.
↑ Colin P. Masica 1993, p. 55: "Thus Classical Sanskrit, fixed by Panini’s grammar in probably the fourth century BC on the basis of a class dialect (and preceding grammatical tradition) of probably the seventh century BC, had its greatest literary flowering in the first millennium AD and even later, much of it therefore a full thousand years after the stage of the language it ostensibly represents."
↑ Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê <ref> tag; chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jī patrick-mccartney-5-10-20
↑ Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê <ref> tag; chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jī patrick-mccartney-5-11-20
↑ Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê <ref> tag; chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jī sreevastan-thehindu-sanskrit
↑ Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê <ref> tag; chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jī Lowe2017
↑ Ruppel, A. M. (2017). The Cambridge Introduction to Sanskrit. Cambridge University Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-1-107-08828-3. The study of any ancient (or dead) language is faced with one main challenge: ancient languages have no native speakers who could provide us with examples of simple everyday speech
↑ Annamalai, E. (2008). "Contexts of multilingualism". Chū Braj B. Kachru; Yamuna Kachru; S. N. Sridhar. Language in South Asia. Cambridge University Press. pp. 223–. ISBN 978-1-139-46550-2. Some of the migrated languages ... such as Sanskrit and English, remained primarily as a second language, even though their native speakers were lost. Some native languages like the language of the Indus valley were lost with their speakers, while some linguistic communities shifted their language to one or other of the migrants' languages.
↑ Jain, Dhanesh (2007). "Sociolinguistics of the Indo-Aryan languages". Chū George Cardona; Dhanesh Jain. The Indo-Aryan Languages. Routledge. pp. 47–66, 51. ISBN 978-1-135-79711-9. In the history of Indo-Aryan, writing was a later development and its adoption has been slow even in modern times. The first written word comes to us through Asokan inscriptions dating back to the third century BC. Originally, Brahmi was used to write Prakrit (MIA); for Sanskrit (OIA) it was used only four centuries later (Masica 1991: 135). The MIA traditions of Buddhist and Jain texts show greater regard for the written word than the OIA Brahminical tradition, though writing was available to Old Indo-Aryans.
↑ Salomon, Richard (2007). "The Writing Systems of the Indo-Aryan Languages". Chū George Cardona; Dhanesh Jain. The Indo-Aryan Languages. Routledge. pp. 67–102. ISBN 978-1-135-79711-9. Although in modern usage Sanskrit is most commonly written or printed in Nagari, in theory, it can be represented by virtually any of the main Brahmi-based scripts, and in practice it often is. Thus scripts such as Gujarati, Bangla, and Oriya, as well as the major south Indian scripts, traditionally have been and often still are used in their proper territories for writing Sanskrit. Sanskrit, in other words, is not inherently linked to any particular script, although it does have a special historical connection with Nagari.
↑ "Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 - Chapter 1: Founding Provisions". gov.za. 6 December 2014 khòaⁿ--ê.

Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: 使用群組名稱 "lower-alpha" 的 <ref> 標籤已存在，但查無對應的 <references group="lower-alpha"/> 標籤

[Mascaró2003-1] Mascaró, Juan (2003). The Bhagavad Gita. Penguin. pp. 13 ff. ISBN 978-0-14-044918-1. The Bhagawad Gita, an intensely spiritual work, that forms one of the cornerstones of the Hindu faith, and is also one of the masterpieces of Sanskrit poetry. (from the backcover)

[2] Besant, Annie (trans) (1922). The Bhagavad-gita; or, The Lord's Song, with text in Devanagari, and English translation. Madras: G. E. Natesan & Co. प्रवृत्ते शस्त्रसम्पाते धनुरुद्यम्य पाण्डवः ॥ २० ॥
Then, beholding the sons of Dhritarâshtra standing arrayed, and flight of missiles about to begin, ... the son of Pându, took up his bow,(20)
हृषीकेशं तदा वाक्यमिदमाह महीपते । अर्जुन उवाच । ...॥ २१ ॥
And spake this word to Hrishîkesha, O Lord of Earth: Arjuna said: ...

[3] Radhakrishnan, S. (1948). The Bhagavadgītā: With an introductory essay, Sanskrit text, English translation, and notes. London, UK: George Allen and Unwin Ltd. p. 86. ... pravyite Sastrasampate
dhanur udyamya pandavah (20)
Then Arjuna, ... looked at the sons of Dhrtarastra drawn up in battle order; and as the flight of missiles (almost) started, he took up his bow.
hystkesam tada vakyam
idam aha mahipate ... (21)
And, O Lord of earth, he spoke this word to Hrsikesha (Krsna): ...

[4] Uta Reinöhl (2016). Grammaticalization and the Rise of Configurationality in Indo-Aryan. Oxford University Press. pp. xiv, 1–16. ISBN 978-0-19-873666-0.

[5] Colin P. Masica 1993, p. 55: "Thus Classical Sanskrit, fixed by Panini’s grammar in probably the fourth century BC on the basis of a class dialect (and preceding grammatical tradition) of probably the seventh century BC, had its greatest literary flowering in the first millennium AD and even later, much of it therefore a full thousand years after the stage of the language it ostensibly represents."

[patrick-mccartney-5-10-20-6] Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê <ref> tag; chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jī patrick-mccartney-5-10-20

[patrick-mccartney-5-11-20-7] Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê <ref> tag; chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jī patrick-mccartney-5-11-20

[sreevastan-thehindu-sanskrit-8] Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê <ref> tag; chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jī sreevastan-thehindu-sanskrit

[Lowe2017-9] Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê <ref> tag; chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jī Lowe2017

[Ruppel2017-10] Ruppel, A. M. (2017). The Cambridge Introduction to Sanskrit. Cambridge University Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-1-107-08828-3. The study of any ancient (or dead) language is faced with one main challenge: ancient languages have no native speakers who could provide us with examples of simple everyday speech

[KachruKachru2008-11] Annamalai, E. (2008). "Contexts of multilingualism". Chū Braj B. Kachru; Yamuna Kachru; S. N. Sridhar. Language in South Asia. Cambridge University Press. pp. 223–. ISBN 978-1-139-46550-2. Some of the migrated languages ... such as Sanskrit and English, remained primarily as a second language, even though their native speakers were lost. Some native languages like the language of the Indus valley were lost with their speakers, while some linguistic communities shifted their language to one or other of the migrants' languages.

[JainCardona2007-script1-13] Jain, Dhanesh (2007). "Sociolinguistics of the Indo-Aryan languages". Chū George Cardona; Dhanesh Jain. The Indo-Aryan Languages. Routledge. pp. 47–66, 51. ISBN 978-1-135-79711-9. In the history of Indo-Aryan, writing was a later development and its adoption has been slow even in modern times. The first written word comes to us through Asokan inscriptions dating back to the third century BC. Originally, Brahmi was used to write Prakrit (MIA); for Sanskrit (OIA) it was used only four centuries later (Masica 1991: 135). The MIA traditions of Buddhist and Jain texts show greater regard for the written word than the OIA Brahminical tradition, though writing was available to Old Indo-Aryans.

[JainCardona2007-script2-14] Salomon, Richard (2007). "The Writing Systems of the Indo-Aryan Languages". Chū George Cardona; Dhanesh Jain. The Indo-Aryan Languages. Routledge. pp. 67–102. ISBN 978-1-135-79711-9. Although in modern usage Sanskrit is most commonly written or printed in Nagari, in theory, it can be represented by virtually any of the main Brahmi-based scripts, and in practice it often is. Thus scripts such as Gujarati, Bangla, and Oriya, as well as the major south Indian scripts, traditionally have been and often still are used in their proper territories for writing Sanskrit. Sanskrit, in other words, is not inherently linked to any particular script, although it does have a special historical connection with Nagari.

[auto1-16] "Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 - Chapter 1: Founding Provisions". gov.za. 6 December 2014 khòaⁿ--ê.

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