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===Kó͘-tāi sî-kî===
===Kó͘-tāi sî-kî===
[[File:C+B-Ship-Fig1-HatshepsuSailingBoat.PNG|thumb|right|276px|upright=1.15|[[Kó͘-tāi Ai-ki̍p]] tī lú-ông [[Hatshepsut]] ê sî-tāi khok-tiong kah óa tī Âng-hái hái-kîⁿ ê [[Punt Kok]].]]
[[File:Periplous of the Erythraean Sea.svg|thumb|276px|right|Âng-hái hū-kīn chò [[phang-liāu bō͘-e̍k]] ê cheng-siā kap siong-gia̍p tiong-sim, kun-kù ''[[Erythraea Hái Àn-lāi-kì]]'' (''Periplus of the Erythraean Sea'') ê kì-su̍t.]]

Só͘ chai-iáⁿ siāng chá tùi Âng-hái ê thàm-chhâ, sī [[Kó͘ Ai-ki̍p]] ê lâng si̍t-hêng--ê, in hit-chūn sī beh kiàn-lio [[Punt Kok|Punt]] ê siong-gia̍p lō͘-sòaⁿ. Chia kóng thàm-chhâ oa̍h-tāng, kî-tiong chi̍t kái sī ùi [[Chú-chêng|Ch.]] 2500 nî chó-iū, koh chi̍t kái sī tī chha-put-to Ch. 1500 nî ([[Hatshepsut]] niá-chhōa). In lóng ū khì kàu tī Âng Hái.<ref>{{cite book |last= Fernandez-Armesto |first= Felipe |title= Pathfinders: A Global History of Exploration |year= 2006 |publisher= W.W. Norton & Company |isbn= 0-393-06259-7 |page= 24}}</ref> Chóng-sī oân-á ū ha̍k-chiá gī-lūn chia thàm-chhâ sī-m̄-sī chin-chiàⁿ ū khó-lêng.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Louis|first1=Jaucourt de chevalier|title=Red Sea|date=1765|pages=367–368|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.did2222.0002.880}}</ref> Tī sèng-keng ê [[Chhut Ai-ki̍p Kì]], ū kóng tio̍h [[Í-sek-lia̍t-lâng]] [[Kòe Âng-hái|kiâⁿ kòe chi̍t phìⁿ chúi]] ê kò͘-sū, che chúi nā chiàu [[Hi-pek-lâi]] bûn-su, sī hō chò ''[[Yam Suph]]'' ({{Lang-he-n|יַם סוּף}}). ''Yam Suph'' thoân-thóng-siōng hông jīn-ûi tio̍h sī Âng-hái. Chiàu rabbi [[Saadia Gaon]] (882‒942 nî), tī i tùi [[Gō͘-keng]] (''Pentateuch'') ê Iû-thài/A-la-pek hoan-e̍k lāi-bīn, jīn hit-ê kòe-hái ê só͘-chāi, sī Âng-hái ê ''Baḥar al-Qulzum'' pō͘-hūn, ia̍h tiō sī [[Suez Hái-oan]].<ref>''Tafsir'', Saadia Gaon, s.v. Exodus 15:22, ''et al''.</ref>
Só͘ chai-iáⁿ siāng chá tùi Âng-hái ê thàm-chhâ, sī [[Kó͘ Ai-ki̍p]] ê lâng si̍t-hêng--ê, in hit-chūn sī beh kiàn-lio [[Punt Kok|Punt]] ê siong-gia̍p lō͘-sòaⁿ. Chia kóng thàm-chhâ oa̍h-tāng, kî-tiong chi̍t kái sī ùi [[Chú-chêng|Ch.]] 2500 nî chó-iū, koh chi̍t kái sī tī chha-put-to Ch. 1500 nî ([[Hatshepsut]] niá-chhōa). In lóng ū khì kàu tī Âng Hái.<ref>{{cite book |last= Fernandez-Armesto |first= Felipe |title= Pathfinders: A Global History of Exploration |year= 2006 |publisher= W.W. Norton & Company |isbn= 0-393-06259-7 |page= 24}}</ref> Chóng-sī oân-á ū ha̍k-chiá gī-lūn chia thàm-chhâ sī-m̄-sī chin-chiàⁿ ū khó-lêng.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Louis|first1=Jaucourt de chevalier|title=Red Sea|date=1765|pages=367–368|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.did2222.0002.880}}</ref> Tī sèng-keng ê [[Chhut Ai-ki̍p Kì]], ū kóng tio̍h [[Í-sek-lia̍t-lâng]] [[Kòe Âng-hái|kiâⁿ kòe chi̍t phìⁿ chúi]] ê kò͘-sū, che chúi nā chiàu [[Hi-pek-lâi]] bûn-su, sī hō chò ''[[Yam Suph]]'' ({{Lang-he-n|יַם סוּף}}). ''Yam Suph'' thoân-thóng-siōng hông jīn-ûi tio̍h sī Âng-hái. Chiàu rabbi [[Saadia Gaon]] (882‒942 nî), tī i tùi [[Gō͘-keng]] (''Pentateuch'') ê Iû-thài/A-la-pek hoan-e̍k lāi-bīn, jīn hit-ê kòe-hái ê só͘-chāi, sī Âng-hái ê ''Baḥar al-Qulzum'' pō͘-hūn, ia̍h tiō sī [[Suez Hái-oan]].<ref>''Tafsir'', Saadia Gaon, s.v. Exodus 15:22, ''et al''.</ref>



2021-nî 3-goe̍h 25-ji̍t (pài-sì) 20:14 ê siu-tēng-pún

Âng-hái

Teh Makadi oan ê âng-hái hái-hōaⁿ
Ūi-tì Pak Hui-chiu, Tang Hui-chiu kap Sai-lâm A-chiu
Chō-piau 22°N 38°E / 22°N 38°E / 22; 38
Lūi-hêng Hái
Chú-iàu liû-ji̍p Barka hô, Haddas hô, Anseba hô, Wadi Gasus
Chú-iàu liû-chhut Bab-el-Mandeb Hái-kiap
Liû-keng kok-ka Djibouti, Ai-ki̍p, Eritrea, Saudi A-la-pek, Sudan, kap Yemen
Siōng tōa tn̂g-tō͘ 2,250 km (1,400 mi)
Siōng tōa khoah-tō͘ 355 km (221 mi)
Piáu-bīn-chek 438,000 km2 (169,000 sq mi)
Pêng-kun chhim-tō͘ 490 m (1,610 ft)
Siōng tōa chhim-tō͘ 3,040 m (9,970 ft)
233,000 km3 (56,000 cu mi)
This video over the south-eastern Mediterranean Sea and down the coastline of the Red Sea was taken by the crew of Expedition 29 on board the International Space Station.

Âng-hái (A-la-pek-gí البحر الأحمر al-Bahr al-Ahmar; Hi-pek-lâi-gí ים סוף Yam Suf; Tigrigna ቀይሕ ባሕሪ QeyH baHri; Eng-gí siá Red Sea) sī Ìn-tō͘-iûⁿ ê 1-ê hái-oan, tiàm-tī A-chiu kap Hui-chiu kau-kài ê só͘-chāi. Thàng hái ê chhùi tī siōng lâm kak, keng-kòe Bab-el-Mandeb Hái-kiap sio-chiap Aden-oan. Í-pak sī Sinai Poàn-tó, Aqaba-oan, kap Suez-oan (thàng Suez Ūn-hô). Âng-hái sī sè-kài siōng pak ê jia̍t-tài hái.

Âng-hái lâm-pak iok-lio̍k 1900 km tn̂g, siōng khoah 300 km khah ke. Bīn-chek tāi-iok 450000 km². Hái-té pêng-kin ū 500 m chhim, tī tiong-ng hái-kau (central median trench) hit-tah-á siōng chhim 2500 m. Ū chē-chē chhián-chúi ê hái-kè (shelf) sek-ha̍p hái-seng-bu̍t khiā-khí. Bô-liông-kut ê seng-bu̍t chheng-gōa-chióng, san-ô͘ 200-gōa-chióng.

Oá pak-hoāⁿ ê kok-ka ū Ai-ki̍p, Í-sek-lia̍t, Iok-tàn; sai-hoāⁿ ū Sudan kap Ai-ki̍p; tang-hoāⁿ ū Saud ê A-la-pek kap Yemen; lâm-hoāⁿ ū Djibouti, Eritrea, Somalia téng-kok.

Le̍k-sú

Kó͘-tāi sî-kî

Só͘ chai-iáⁿ siāng chá tùi Âng-hái ê thàm-chhâ, sī Kó͘ Ai-ki̍p ê lâng si̍t-hêng--ê, in hit-chūn sī beh kiàn-lio Punt ê siong-gia̍p lō͘-sòaⁿ. Chia kóng thàm-chhâ oa̍h-tāng, kî-tiong chi̍t kái sī ùi Ch. 2500 nî chó-iū, koh chi̍t kái sī tī chha-put-to Ch. 1500 nî (Hatshepsut niá-chhōa). In lóng ū khì kàu tī Âng Hái.[1] Chóng-sī oân-á ū ha̍k-chiá gī-lūn chia thàm-chhâ sī-m̄-sī chin-chiàⁿ ū khó-lêng.[2] Tī sèng-keng ê Chhut Ai-ki̍p Kì, ū kóng tio̍h Í-sek-lia̍t-lâng kiâⁿ kòe chi̍t phìⁿ chúi ê kò͘-sū, che chúi nā chiàu Hi-pek-lâi bûn-su, sī hō chò Yam Suph (Hi-pek-lâi-gí: יַם סוּף). Yam Suph thoân-thóng-siōng hông jīn-ûi tio̍h sī Âng-hái. Chiàu rabbi Saadia Gaon (882‒942 nî), tī i tùi Gō͘-keng (Pentateuch) ê Iû-thài/A-la-pek hoan-e̍k lāi-bīn, jīn hit-ê kòe-hái ê só͘-chāi, sī Âng-hái ê Baḥar al-Qulzum pō͘-hūn, ia̍h tiō sī Suez Hái-oan.[3]


Tī Ch. 6 sè-kí, Pho-su ê Darius Tōa-ông, pat phài lâng khì Âng-hái thàm-lō͘, kì-lio̍k gûi-hiám ê chio̍h-thâu kap tiâu-liû, kái-chìn kiam ka-thiam hâng-hái lō͘-sòaⁿ. Tī Suez, Âng-hái ê pak-pêng bóe, kap Nî-lô-hô tiong-ng, koh ū khí-siat ūn-hô. Tī Ch. 4 sè-kí āu-kî, Alexander Tōa-ông phài chhut Hi-lia̍p hái-kun thàm-chhâ Âng-hái chhut Ìn-tō͘-iûⁿ ê lō͘. Hi-lia̍p ê hâng-hái-ka to̍h it-ti̍t thàm-hiám kiam siu-chi̍p Âng-hái ê chu-liāu. Ch. 2 sè-kí ê sî, Agatharchides siu-chi̍p liáu Âng-hái ê chu-liāu.

Erythraea Hái Àn-lāi-kì (Periplus of the Erythraean Sea), sī Hi-lia̍p-gí siá--ê periplus bûn-su, chok-chiá put-bêng, sī tāi-khài Āu 1 sè-kí ê chok-phín, lāi-iông kì-su̍t Âng-hái ê káng-kháu kap hái-lō͘.[4] Che Periplus, mā kì-su̍t Hippalus sī chóaⁿ-iūⁿ thâu chi̍t kái hoat-kiàn tùi Âng-hái kòe Ìn-tō͘ ê ti̍t-chiap lō͘-sòaⁿ.

Âng-hái chū Augustus thóng-tī sî-kî, sī Lô-má-lâng kah-ì ê Ìn-tō͘ seng-lí lō͘-sòaⁿ, he tng sī Lô-má Tè-kok khai-sí khòng-chè Tē-tiong-hái, Ai-ki̍p kap Âng-hái pak-pō͘ liáu-āu. Chia lō͘-sòaⁿ ūi chá-chêng ê kok-ka to̍h ū leh ēng, m̄-koh tī Lô-má sî-tāi, seng-lí koh ke khah tōa. Tang-iûⁿ ê mi̍h, mā keng-kòe Ìn-tō͘ ê káng-kháu hông sàng kòe Lô-má sè-kài. Hit-chūn Tang-iûⁿ kap Lô-má tio̍h óa-khò Âng-hái kau-thong, kàu-bé hō͘ 3 sè-kí ê Aksum Tè-kok chhiat tn̄g.[5]

Chham-chiàu

  1. Fernandez-Armesto, Felipe (2006). Pathfinders: A Global History of Exploration. W.W. Norton & Company. p. 24. ISBN 0-393-06259-7. 
  2. Louis, Jaucourt de chevalier (1765). Red Sea. pp. 367–368. 
  3. Tafsir, Saadia Gaon, s.v. Exodus 15:22, et al.
  4. Fernandez-Armesto, Felipe (2006). Pathfinders: A Global History of Exploration. W.W. Norton & Company. pp. 32–33. ISBN 0-393-06259-7. 
  5. East, W. Gordon (1965). The Geography behind History. W.W. Norton & Company. pp. 174–175. ISBN 0-393-00419-8. 

Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat

Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: Category:Red Sea