"Pak-táu ōe-chheⁿ tō-hâng hē-thóng" pán-pún chi-kan bô-kāng--ê tē-hng

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Pak-táu it-hō hē-thóng (tē-it-tāi pak-táu hē-thóng) sī satsuân-thian-lia̍p uē-tsheñ thê-kiong khu-i̍k tīng-uī ho̍k-bū. Uì [[2000-nî]] khai-sí, tsi̍t-ê hē-thóng tsú-iàu teh tiong-kok kíng-lāi thê-kiong tō-hâng ho̍k-bū. Teh [[2012-nî]] 12-gue̍h, Pak-táu it-hō ê tsuè-āu tsi̍t-lia̍p uē-tsheñ ê siū-miā kàu-kî, Pak-táu uē-tsheñ tō-hâng hē-thóng tshì-giām hē-thóng tíng-tsì ūn-tsok.
Pak-táu it-hō hē-thóng (tē-it-tāi pak-táu hē-thóng) sī satsuân-thian-lia̍p uē-tsheñ thê-kiong khu-i̍k tīng-uī ho̍k-bū. Uì [[2000-nî]] khai-sí, tsi̍t-ê hē-thóng tsú-iàu teh tiong-kok kíng-lāi thê-kiong tō-hâng ho̍k-bū. Teh [[2012-nî]] 12-gue̍h, Pak-táu it-hō ê tsuè-āu tsi̍t-lia̍p uē-tsheñ ê siū-miā kàu-kî, Pak-táu uē-tsheñ tō-hâng hē-thóng tshì-giām hē-thóng tíng-tsì ūn-tsok.


Pak-táu lī-hō hē-thóng (tē-lī-tāi pak-táu hē-thóng) sī tsi̍t-ê pau-kuat 16-lia̍p uē-tsheñ ê tsuân-kiû uē-tsheñ tō-hâng hē-thóng. Hun-pia̍t uî 6-lia̍p [[tē-kiû tsíng-tsí kuí-tō]] (geostationary orbit) uē-tsheñ, 6-lia̍p thán-khi [[tē-kiû tóng-pōo kuí-tō]] (geosynchronous orbit) uē-tsheñ, 4-lia̍p [[tiōng tē-kiû kuí-tō]] (Medium Earth orbit (MEO)) uē-tshenn . Uì 2012-nî 11-gue̍h, tē-lī-tâi pak-táu hē-thóng khai-sí teh [[A-sè-a Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|a-thài]] tē-khu uì iōng-hōo thê-kiong tē-khu tīng-uī ho̍k-bū.<ref name="op_china">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-16337648|title=China GPS rival Beidou starts offering navigation data|publisher=BBC|date=27 December 2011|access-date=20 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203001904/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-16337648|archive-date=3 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="CustomersDec2012">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-20852150|title=China's Beidou GPS-substitute opens to public in Asia|publisher=BBC|date=27 December 2012|access-date=27 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121227182347/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-20852150|archive-date=27 December 2012}}</ref>
Pak-táu lī-hō hē-thóng (tē-lī-tāi pak-táu hē-thóng) sī tsi̍t-ê pau-kuat 16-lia̍p uē-tsheñ ê tsuân-kiû uē-tsheñ tō-hâng hē-thóng. Hun-pia̍t uî 6-lia̍p [[tē-kiû tsíng-tsí kuí-tō]] (geostationary orbit) uē-tsheñ, 6-lia̍p thán-khi [[tē-kiû tóng-pōo kuí-tō]] (geosynchronous orbit) uē-tsheñ, 4-lia̍p [[tiōng tē-kiû kuí-tō]] (Medium Earth orbit (MEO)) uē-tsheñ. Uì 2012-nî 11-gue̍h, tē-lī-tâi pak-táu hē-thóng khai-sí teh [[A-sè-a Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|a-thài]] tē-khu uì iōng-hōo thê-kiong tē-khu tīng-uī ho̍k-bū.<ref name="op_china">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-16337648|title=China GPS rival Beidou starts offering navigation data|publisher=BBC|date=27 December 2011|access-date=20 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203001904/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-16337648|archive-date=3 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="CustomersDec2012">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-20852150|title=China's Beidou GPS-substitute opens to public in Asia|publisher=BBC|date=27 December 2012|access-date=27 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121227182347/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-20852150|archive-date=27 December 2012}}</ref>


Pak-táu hē-thóng (tē-sañ-tāi pak-táu hē-thóng) uî sañ-tsióng bô-khang-khuán ê kuí-tō uē-tsheñ sóo tsoo-sîng-e̊; pau-kuat 24-lia̍p tē-kiû [[tiōng tē-kiû kuí-tō]] (Medium Earth orbit (MEO)) uē-tsheñ (khàm-hok tsuāñ-kiū), 3-lia̍p thán-khi tē-kiû tóng-pōo kuí-tō uē-tsheñ tsuân-then (khàm-hok A-thài tuā-pōo-hūn ê tē-khu) kap 3-lia̍p tē-kiû tsíng-tsí kuí-tō uē-tsheñ (khàm-hok Tiong-kok).<ref name="爱星 吉星 萌星">{{cite news |author1=李国利 |author2=刘艺 |title=爱星 吉星 萌星 |url=http://203.192.15.131/PDF/20200624/06.pdf |work=新华每日电讯 |agency=新华通讯社 |issue=总第 10038 期 |date=2020-06-24}}</ref> Pak-táu sañ-hō teh 2018-nî thè-tsìng khai-hòng pak-táu hē-thóng ê tsuân-kiû tīng-uī kong-lîng.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/tech/2018-12/27/c_1123914892.htm|title=北斗三号基本系统建成开始提供全球服务|accessdate=2018-12-28|work=新华社|language=zh-CN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228035433/http://www.xinhuanet.com/tech/2018-12/27/c_1123914892.htm|archive-date=2018-12-28|dead-url=no}}</ref> Pak-táu sañ-hō teh 2020-nî 7-gue̍h 31-li̍t khai-thong.<ref>{{cite news |title=China puts final satellite for Beidou network into orbit – state media |url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-space-exploration-china-satellite/china-puts-final-satellite-for-beidou-network-into-orbit-state-media-idUKKBN23U08P |access-date=23 June 2020 |work=Reuters |date=23 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="beidou-road-to-global-service">{{cite news|title=Directions 2017: BeiDou's road to global service|url=http://gpsworld.com/directions-2017-beidous-road-to-global-service/|work=GPS World|date=6 December 2016|access-date=8 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170527131959/http://gpsworld.com/directions-2017-beidous-road-to-global-service/|archive-date=27 May 2017}}</ref>
Pak-táu hē-thóng (tē-sañ-tāi pak-táu hē-thóng) uî sañ-tsióng bô-khang-khuán ê kuí-tō uē-tsheñ sóo tsoo-sîng-e̊; pau-kuat 24-lia̍p tē-kiû [[tiōng tē-kiû kuí-tō]] (Medium Earth orbit (MEO)) uē-tsheñ (khàm-hok tsuāñ-kiū), 3-lia̍p thán-khi tē-kiû tóng-pōo kuí-tō uē-tsheñ tsuân-then (khàm-hok A-thài tuā-pōo-hūn ê tē-khu) kap 3-lia̍p tē-kiû tsíng-tsí kuí-tō uē-tsheñ (khàm-hok Tiong-kok).<ref name="爱星 吉星 萌星">{{cite news |author1=李国利 |author2=刘艺 |title=爱星 吉星 萌星 |url=http://203.192.15.131/PDF/20200624/06.pdf |work=新华每日电讯 |agency=新华通讯社 |issue=总第 10038 期 |date=2020-06-24}}</ref> Pak-táu sañ-hō teh 2018-nî thè-tsìng khai-hòng pak-táu hē-thóng ê tsuân-kiû tīng-uī kong-lîng.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/tech/2018-12/27/c_1123914892.htm|title=北斗三号基本系统建成开始提供全球服务|accessdate=2018-12-28|work=新华社|language=zh-CN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228035433/http://www.xinhuanet.com/tech/2018-12/27/c_1123914892.htm|archive-date=2018-12-28|dead-url=no}}</ref> Pak-táu sañ-hō teh 2020-nî 7-gue̍h 31-li̍t khai-thong.<ref>{{cite news |title=China puts final satellite for Beidou network into orbit – state media |url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-space-exploration-china-satellite/china-puts-final-satellite-for-beidou-network-into-orbit-state-media-idUKKBN23U08P |access-date=23 June 2020 |work=Reuters |date=23 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="beidou-road-to-global-service">{{cite news|title=Directions 2017: BeiDou's road to global service|url=http://gpsworld.com/directions-2017-beidous-road-to-global-service/|work=GPS World|date=6 December 2016|access-date=8 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170527131959/http://gpsworld.com/directions-2017-beidous-road-to-global-service/|archive-date=27 May 2017}}</ref>

2021-nî 5-goe̍h 4-ji̍t (pài-jī) 22:01 ê siu-tēng-pún

Pak-táu uē-tsheñ tō-hâng hē-thóng
(Pak-tâu hē-thóng (PTH))
Country/ies of origin Tiong-kok
Operator(s) CNSA
Type Kun-sū, siong-gia̍p
Status Tshau-tsok-tiōng
Coverage Tsuân-kiû
Accuracy 3.6m (it-puann)
2.6 m
(A-thài, it-puann)
10cm (kā-bi̍t)[1]
Constellation size
Total satellites 35 (2020)
Satellites in orbit 35
First launch 2000nî 10gue̍h 31li̍t
Last launch 2020nî 6gue̍h 23li̍t[2]
Total launches 59[3]
Orbital characteristics
Regime(s) GEO, IGSO, MEO
Website www.beidou.gov.cn

Pak-táu uē-tsheñ tō-hâng hē-thóng (Pak-tâu hē-thóng (PTH); BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS); 北斗卫星导航系统 (北斗系统)) sī tsi̍t-ê uē-tsheñ tō-hâng hē-thóng (Satellite navigation)[4] ē-sái hōo tsuân-kiû iōng-hōo thê-kiong tsuân-then-háu, tsuân-then-sî, ko-tsìng-tōo ê tīng-uī, tō-hâng kah siū-sî ho̍k-bū. Pak-táu hē-thóng ê huat-tián lóng-tsóng ū sann-tāi, uì tē-lī khai-sí ê pak-táu hē-thóng tsìng-sik tíng-miâ tsò "Pak-táu uē-tsheñ tō-hâng hē-thóng" (BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS)).

Pak-táu it-hō hē-thóng (tē-it-tāi pak-táu hē-thóng) sī satsuân-thian-lia̍p uē-tsheñ thê-kiong khu-i̍k tīng-uī ho̍k-bū. Uì 2000-nî khai-sí, tsi̍t-ê hē-thóng tsú-iàu teh tiong-kok kíng-lāi thê-kiong tō-hâng ho̍k-bū. Teh 2012-nî 12-gue̍h, Pak-táu it-hō ê tsuè-āu tsi̍t-lia̍p uē-tsheñ ê siū-miā kàu-kî, Pak-táu uē-tsheñ tō-hâng hē-thóng tshì-giām hē-thóng tíng-tsì ūn-tsok.

Pak-táu lī-hō hē-thóng (tē-lī-tāi pak-táu hē-thóng) sī tsi̍t-ê pau-kuat 16-lia̍p uē-tsheñ ê tsuân-kiû uē-tsheñ tō-hâng hē-thóng. Hun-pia̍t uî 6-lia̍p tē-kiû tsíng-tsí kuí-tō (geostationary orbit) uē-tsheñ, 6-lia̍p thán-khi tē-kiû tóng-pōo kuí-tō (geosynchronous orbit) uē-tsheñ, 4-lia̍p tiōng tē-kiû kuí-tō (Medium Earth orbit (MEO)) uē-tsheñ. Uì 2012-nî 11-gue̍h, tē-lī-tâi pak-táu hē-thóng khai-sí teh a-thài tē-khu uì iōng-hōo thê-kiong tē-khu tīng-uī ho̍k-bū.[5][6]

Pak-táu hē-thóng (tē-sañ-tāi pak-táu hē-thóng) uî sañ-tsióng bô-khang-khuán ê kuí-tō uē-tsheñ sóo tsoo-sîng-e̊; pau-kuat 24-lia̍p tē-kiû tiōng tē-kiû kuí-tō (Medium Earth orbit (MEO)) uē-tsheñ (khàm-hok tsuāñ-kiū), 3-lia̍p thán-khi tē-kiû tóng-pōo kuí-tō uē-tsheñ tsuân-then (khàm-hok A-thài tuā-pōo-hūn ê tē-khu) kap 3-lia̍p tē-kiû tsíng-tsí kuí-tō uē-tsheñ (khàm-hok Tiong-kok).[7] Pak-táu sañ-hō teh 2018-nî thè-tsìng khai-hòng pak-táu hē-thóng ê tsuân-kiû tīng-uī kong-lîng.[8] Pak-táu sañ-hō teh 2020-nî 7-gue̍h 31-li̍t khai-thong.[9][10]

Pak-táu uē-tshng tō-hâng ho̍k-bū (BDS), Bí-kok tsuân-kiû tīng-uī hē-thóng (GPS), Lôosiiā tsuân-kiû tō-hâng uē-tsheñ hē-thóng (GLONASS), kah Au-bîng GAlileo tīng-uī hē-thóng (Galileo) tīng hē-thóng uī liân-ha̍p-kok uē-tsheñ tō-hâng uí-guân-huē (International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (ICG)) līn-tīng-ê tsuân-kiû uē-tsheñ tō-hâng hē-thóng ê sī-tuā kiong-ìng-siōng.(9)

Tsù-kái

  1. May 27, Merryl Azriel on; Space, 2013 in; Relations, International (27 May 2013). "US Department of Defense Reports on China's Space Capabilities". Space Safety Magazine. goân-loē-iông tī 7 September 2016 hőng khó͘-pih. 1 August 2015 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  2. "China puts final satellite for Beidou network into orbit -state media". Financial Post. 22 June 2020 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  3. "北斗卫星发射一览表". 北斗卫星导航系统. goân-loē-iông tī 19 November 2018 hőng khó͘-pih. 19 November 2018 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  4. "北斗卫星导航系统英文名称正式公布". 北斗卫星导航系统网站 (ēng Hôa-gí). 中国卫星导航系统管理办公室. 2012-12-27. goân-loē-iông tī 2015-09-23 hőng khó͘-pih. 2015-07-26 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  5. "China GPS rival Beidou starts offering navigation data". BBC. 27 December 2011. goân-loē-iông tī 3 February 2012 hőng khó͘-pih. 20 June 2018 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  6. "China's Beidou GPS-substitute opens to public in Asia". BBC. 27 December 2012. goân-loē-iông tī 27 December 2012 hőng khó͘-pih. 27 December 2012 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  7. 李国利; 刘艺 (2020-06-24). "爱星 吉星 萌星" (PDF). 新华每日电讯 (总第 10038 期). 新华通讯社. 
  8. "北斗三号基本系统建成开始提供全球服务". 新华社 (ēng Hôa-gí). Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2018-12-28. 2018-12-28 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  9. "China puts final satellite for Beidou network into orbit – state media". Reuters (ēng Eng-gí). 23 June 2020. 23 June 2020 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  10. "Directions 2017: BeiDou's road to global service". GPS World. 6 December 2016. goân-loē-iông tī 27 May 2017 hőng khó͘-pih. 8 May 2017 khòaⁿ--ê. 

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