"Jihad" pán-pún chi-kan bô-kāng--ê tē-hng

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2019-nî 10-goe̍h 4-ji̍t (pài-gō·) 14:02 ê siu-tēng-pún

Jihad (A-la-pek-gí: جهاد‎‎ jihād [dʒɪˈhaːd]) sī chi̍t-ê A-la-pek-gí tan-jī, chiàu-jī ê ì-sù sī "phah-piàⁿ", iû-kî sī chiam-tùi siū lâng o-ló ê bo̍k-phiau.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Ùi Islam sìn-gióng ê lí-lō͘ ē-té, jihad ū chē khoán ì-sù, pí-lūn kóng tùi-khòng ka-tī siâ-ok ê sim-ì, ia̍h sī kái-chìn siā-hōe tō-tek ê sū-kang. Tī kó͘-tián Islam lu̍t-hoat lāi-bīn, jihad koh thang piáu-sī bú-chong tùi-khòng bô-sìn-chiá, ū-ê hiān-tāi-phài Islam ha̍k-chiá sī chiong chit khoán lí-liām ké-soeh chò hông-ūi bú-le̍k.^[4]^[5]

Kīn-taⁿ chit jī mā tiāⁿ hō͘ khióng-pò͘-chú-gī thoân-thé ēng lâi chí in ê hêng-tōng. Tī kun-sū ê tiûⁿ-ha̍p ē-té, Jihad thang hoan-e̍k chò sèng-chiàn.

Chham-chiàu

↑ John L. Esposito, pian. (2014). "Jihad". The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
↑ Peters, Rudolph; Cook, David (2014). "Jihād". The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
↑ Tyan, E. (2012). "D̲j̲ihād". Chū P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd pán.). Brill.
↑ Wael B. Hallaq (2009). Sharī'a: Theory, Practice, Transformations. Cambridge University Press (Kindle edition). pp. 334–338.
↑ Peters, Rudolph (2015). Islam and Colonialism: The Doctrine of Jihad in Modern History. DE GRUYTER MOUTON. p. 124 – via De Gruyter.

Pún bûn-chiuⁿ sī chi̍t phiⁿ phí-á-kiáⁿ. Lí thang tàu khok-chhiong lâi pang-chō͘ Wikipedia.

[ODI-1] John L. Esposito, pian. (2014). "Jihad". The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

[OEIP-2] Peters, Rudolph; Cook, David (2014). "Jihād". The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

[EI2-3] Tyan, E. (2012). "D̲j̲ihād". Chū P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd pán.). Brill.

[hallaq334-4] Wael B. Hallaq (2009). Sharī'a: Theory, Practice, Transformations. Cambridge University Press (Kindle edition). pp. 334–338.

[5] Peters, Rudolph (2015). Islam and Colonialism: The Doctrine of Jihad in Modern History. DE GRUYTER MOUTON. p. 124 – via De Gruyter.

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@@ Tē 1 chōa: / Tē 1 chōa: @@
 '''Jihad''' ([[A-la-pek-gí]]: جهاد‎‎ ''jihād'' [dʒɪˈhaːd]) sī chi̍t-ê A-la-pek-gí [[tan-jī]], chiàu-jī ê ì-sù sī "phah-piàⁿ", iû-kî sī chiam-tùi siū lâng o-ló ê bo̍k-phiau.<ref name=ODI>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Jihad|editor=John L. Esposito|encyclopedia=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2014|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1199}}</ref><ref name=OEIP>{{cite encyclopedia|first=Rudolph|last=Peters|first2=David|last2=Cook|title=Jihād |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2014|url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref:oiso/9780199739356.001.0001/acref-9780199739356-e-0263}}</ref><ref name=EI2>{{Cite encyclopedia|author=Tyan, E. | year= 2012 | title=D̲j̲ihād|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam| edition=2nd|publisher=Brill |editors=P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0189}}</ref>
-Ùi [[Islam]] sìn-gióng ê lí-lō͘ ē-té, jihad ū chē khoán ì-sù, pí-lūn kóng tùi-khòng ka-tī siâ-ok ê sim-ì, ia̍h sī kái-chìn siā-hōe tō-tek ê sū-kang. Tī kó͘-tián Islam lu̍t-hoat lāi-bīn, jihad koh thang chí bú-chong tùi-khòng bô-sìn-chiá, ū-ê hiān-tāi-phài Islam ha̍k-chiá sī chiong chit khoán lí-liām ké-soeh chò hông-ūi bú-le̍k.<ref name=hallaq334>{{cite book|author=Wael B. Hallaq|title=Sharī'a: Theory, Practice, Transformations|year=2009|publisher=Cambridge University Press (Kindle edition)|pages=334–338}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |first=Rudolph|last=Peters| year=2015 | title=Islam and Colonialism: The Doctrine of Jihad in Modern History|publisher=DE GRUYTER MOUTON|url=https://www.degruyter.com/view/product/6260| via = [[De Gruyter]]|page=124}}</ref>
+Ùi [[Islam]] sìn-gióng ê lí-lō͘ ē-té, jihad ū chē khoán ì-sù, pí-lūn kóng tùi-khòng ka-tī siâ-ok ê sim-ì, ia̍h sī kái-chìn siā-hōe tō-tek ê sū-kang. Tī kó͘-tián Islam lu̍t-hoat lāi-bīn, jihad koh thang piáu-sī bú-chong tùi-khòng bô-sìn-chiá, ū-ê hiān-tāi-phài Islam ha̍k-chiá sī chiong chit khoán lí-liām ké-soeh chò hông-ūi bú-le̍k.<ref name=hallaq334>{{cite book|author=Wael B. Hallaq|title=Sharī'a: Theory, Practice, Transformations|year=2009|publisher=Cambridge University Press (Kindle edition)|pages=334–338}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |first=Rudolph|last=Peters| year=2015 | title=Islam and Colonialism: The Doctrine of Jihad in Modern History|publisher=DE GRUYTER MOUTON|url=https://www.degruyter.com/view/product/6260| via = [[De Gruyter]]|page=124}}</ref>
 Kīn-taⁿ chit jī mā tiāⁿ hō͘ [[khióng-pò͘-chú-gī]] thoân-thé ēng lâi chí in ê hêng-tōng. Tī kun-sū ê tiûⁿ-ha̍p ē-té, ''Jihad'' thang hoan-e̍k chò '''[[sèng-chiàn]]'''.