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Khài-iàu

Soat-bêng
English: Photo in first film Munkbrogreven (The Count of Monk's Bridge) 1934.
Ji̍t-kî
Chhut-chhù Book: Notorious, by Donald Spoto, 1997
Chok-chiá Studio publicity still with unlisted photographer
授權允准
(Bô siŏh-huòi sāi ciā ùng-giông)
Public domain
這張瑞典照片在瑞典屬於公共領域,因為以下情況之一適用:
  • 該作品是非藝術性的(新聞等),並且創作於1974年1月1日之前(SFS 1960:729, § 49a)。
  • 攝影師未知,也無法追蹤,作品創作於1954年1月1日之前(SFS 1960:729, § 44)。
如果攝影師在1954年之前去世,則應使用{{PD-old-70}}代替此標籤。

你必須增加美國公有領域標籤顯示為何這個作品在美國屬於公有領域。 請注意少數國家的著作權保護期為70年以上:墨西哥為100年,牙買加為95年,哥倫比亞為80年,瓜地馬拉與薩摩亞為75年,而這些國家不實施較短期限法則,因此該圖片可能在這些國家被認為是公有領域。宏都拉斯的著作權期限一般為75年,但該國實施較短期限法則。對於在第二次世界大戰期間為法國利益戰死的法國人(更多資訊)、二戰期間參與過蘇德戰爭(俄羅斯稱之為偉大的衛國戰爭)的俄羅斯人,以及蘇聯時期遭到鎮壓,而死後獲得平反的犧牲者(更多資訊),這些人的作品著作權期限會有所延長。

Siū-khoân

Public domain
這張瑞典照片在瑞典屬於公共領域,因為以下情況之一適用:
  • 該作品是非藝術性的(新聞等),並且創作於1974年1月1日之前(SFS 1960:729, § 49a)。
  • 攝影師未知,也無法追蹤,作品創作於1954年1月1日之前(SFS 1960:729, § 44)。
如果攝影師在1954年之前去世,則應使用{{PD-old-70}}代替此標籤。

你必須增加美國公有領域標籤顯示為何這個作品在美國屬於公有領域。 請注意少數國家的著作權保護期為70年以上:墨西哥為100年,牙買加為95年,哥倫比亞為80年,瓜地馬拉與薩摩亞為75年,而這些國家不實施較短期限法則,因此該圖片可能在這些國家被認為是公有領域。宏都拉斯的著作權期限一般為75年,但該國實施較短期限法則。對於在第二次世界大戰期間為法國利益戰死的法國人(更多資訊)、二戰期間參與過蘇德戰爭(俄羅斯稱之為偉大的衛國戰爭)的俄羅斯人,以及蘇聯時期遭到鎮壓,而死後獲得平反的犧牲者(更多資訊),這些人的作品著作權期限會有所延長。

Additional source information: This is a publicity photo taken to promote a film actor. As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honthaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook, (Focal Press, 2001 p. 211.):

"Publicity photos have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."

Nancy Wolff, includes a similar explanation:

"There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them." (The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook By Nancy E. Wolff, Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.)

Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989) p. 87, writes:

"According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."

Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies archive copy at the Wayback Machine writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference with cinema scholars and editors, that they "expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements. . . [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs."[1] archive copy at the Wayback Machine

原始上傳日誌

本檔案是由El Matadoren.wikipedia轉移到維基共享資源。

原始描述頁面位於這裡。下列使用者名稱均來自en.wikipedia。
  • 2009-10-28 22:25 Wikiwatcher1 538×635× (47090 bytes) {{Information |Article = Ingrid Bergman |Description = Photo in first film ''Munkbrogreven'' (The Count of Monk's Bridge) 1934 |Source = Book: ''Notorious'', by Donald Spoto, 1997 |Portion = image |Low_resolution

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image/jpeg

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