Ki-in
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Ki-in (Tek-gí: gen; Eng-gí: gene) iā-kiò ûi-thoân-chú, sī seng-bu̍t ê ki-in-cho (genome) lāi-bīn ê chi̍t tōaⁿ sū-lia̍t (sequence), sī seng-bu̍t ê ûi-thôan tan-gôan. Seng-bu̍t ê hoat-io̍k kap kok-sek-kok-iūⁿ ê piáu-hiān-hêng (phenotype) sī ki-in kap khôan-kéng kau-hō͘-chò-iōng ê kiat-kó.
Só͘-ū ê ki-in lóng-sī iû DNA lâi chó͘-sêng. Kî-tiong ū ê pō͘-hūn ē-sái choán-lio̍k chò mRNA, mRNA koh-lâi ē-sái choán-e̍k (translation) chò nn̄g-pe̍h-chit. Chit-ê kòe-têng kiò-chò ki-in piáu-ta̍t (gene expression), chè-chō chhut-lâi ê nn̄g-pe̍h-chit kap RNA kiò-chò ki-in sán-bu̍t.
[siu-kái] Le̍k-sú
Siāng-chá thê-chhut ki-in khài-liām ê lâng sī Gregor Mendel, sī kun-kù I tī 1860 nî-tāi tùi hôe-liân-tāu (Pisum sativum) ê gián-kiù só͘ thê-chhut ê ha̍k-soat, m̄-koh Mendel pēng-bô sú-iōng "gene" chit-ê jī.
Tī 1889 nî ê sî-chūn, Hugo de Vries tī I ê tì-chok Intracellular Pangenesis lāi-bīn sú-iōng "pangen" lāi piáu-sī Mendel ê ki-in khài-liām (hit-tong-sî De Vries khó-lêng iáu-bōe chai-iáⁿ Mendel ê gián-kiù). Jī-cha̍p nî āu, Wilhelm Johannsen kap kā "pangen" siok-tóan chòe "gen", Eng-gí hoan-e̍k chòe "gene".
[siu-kái] Koan-liân bûn-chiuⁿ
