Kumārajīva
Kumārajīva | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Chhut-sì |
344 SL |
| Koè-sin |
413 SL |
| Chit-gia̍p | huê-siūñ, ha̍k-tsiá, huan-i̍k-tsiá, hām tiat-ha̍k-chiá |
| Tù-miâ | Kā tsiâñ-tsē huān-bûn ê hu̍t-king huan-i̍k tsò hàn-bûn, mā-sī Tāi-sîng hu̍t-kàu Sam-lūn tsong ê tshòng-sú-jîn. |
Kumārajīva (devanāgarī: कुमारजीव, IAST: Kumārajīva; hàn-gú: 鳩摩羅什 (Jiū-mó-luó-shí); 344－413)[1] lâi-tsū Kutsi (kin-á-ji̍t ê Tiong-kok Sin-kiong Aksu Tē-khu) ê Hu̍t-kàu tsing-jîn, tsáu-thiàu teh Tong Chìn Ngó͘-ô͘ Si̍p-lio̍k-kok ê sî-kî, sī hàn-thuân hu̍t-kàu tshut-miâ ê i̍k-su. Kumārajīva mā hông khuàñ-tsò Tiong-kok ê Hu̍t-kàu siōng uí-tāi ê huan-i̍k-tsiá tsi-it. Lio̍k sîng jīm-uî: Kumārajīva ê huan-i̍k "Bô-lūn teh huan-i̍k ê ki-khá siōng, iah-sī teh tiong-si̍t-tōo tíng-kuân; lóng-sī hōo-lâng bē pí-phīng-e̊.[2] Kumārajīva huan-i̍k ê tù-tsok ū Kim-kong king, Huat-huâ king, Tiong lūn, Tuā tì-tōo lūn tíng-tíng king-tén.
Kumārajīva thâu-sing sī o̍h Sarvastivada ê kàu-huat, liáu-āu si-tsiông Buddhasvamin (tsing-jîn); tsuè-āu tsiâñ-tsò tsi̍t-ê tāi-sîng hu̍t-kàu ê sìn-tôo, ha̍k-sip Nagarjuna (Liông-tshiū) tiong-kuan ha̍k-phài ê kàu-gī. Teh tsiáng-ak tiong-bûn liáu-āu, Kumārajīva tsiū tīng-ku tī Tiông-an (tāi-iok kong-guân 401-nî), tsiâñ-tsò tsi̍t-ê huan-i̍k-tsiá hām ha̍k-tsiá.[3] Kumārajīva sī tsi̍t-ê huan-i̍k thuân-tuī ê hū-tsik-jîn, kî-tiong ê huan-i̍k-tsiá hām tsing-jîn pau-kua i-ê tāi-su Sing Uē.[4] Tsit-ê huan-i̍k thuân-tuī hū-tsik kā tsiâñ-tsē huān-bûn hu̍t-king huan-i̍k tsò hàn-bûn. Kumārajīva koh-kā hu̍t-kàu tet-ha̍k lāi-té ê tiong-kuan ha̍k-phài ín-ji̍p tiong-kok, āu-lâi hông kiò-tsò Sam-lūn tsong.[5]
Tsù-kái[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]
- ↑ Pollard 2015, p. 287.
- ↑ Beeby Lonsdale, Allison; Ensinger, Doris; Presas, Marisa (2000). Investigating Translation: Selected Papers from the 4th International Congress on Translation, Barcelona, 1998, p. 48. John Benjamins Publishing. (Eng-gí)
- ↑ Rahul, Ram (2000). March of Central Asia, p. 83. Indus Publishing.
- ↑ Lai, Whalen (1991). "Tao Sheng's Theory of Sudden Enlightenment Re-examined". In Gregory, Peter N. Sudden and Gradual. Approaches to Enlightenment in Chinese Thought. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited. p. 180 (Eng-gí)
- ↑ Mair, Victor H.; Sanping Chen, Wood, Frances (2013). Chinese Lives: The People Who Made a Civilization, #28, Kumarajiva. Thames & Hudson. (Eng-gí)
Tsham-khó bûn-hiàn[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]
- Chandra, Moti (1977), Trade and Trade Routes in Ancient India, Abhinav Publications, ISBN 9788170170556 (Eng-gí)
- Eitel, E.J.; Edkins, Joseph (1871), "Handbook for the Student of Chinese Buddhism", The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal, FOOCHOW.: American Presbyterian Mission Press, 3: 217 (Eng-gí)
- Kumar, Yukteshwar (2005), A History of Sino-Indian Relations, APH Publishing Corporation, ISBN 978-8176487986 (Eng-gí)
- Lu, Yang (2004), "Narrative and Historicity in the Buddhist Biographies of Early Medieval China: The Case of Kumārajīva", Asia Major, Third Series, 17 (2): 1–43 (Eng-gí)
- Nan, Huai-Chin (1998), Basic Buddhism: Exploring Buddhism and Zen, ISBN 978-1578630202 (Eng-gí)
- Nattier, Jan (1992), "The Heart Sutra: A Chinese Apocryphal Text?", Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies, 15 (2): 153–223 (Eng-gí)
- Nattier, Jan (2005), A Few Good Men: The Bodhisattva Path according to The Inquiry of Ugra (Ugraparipṛcchā), University of Hawaii Press, ISBN 978-0824830038 (Eng-gí)
- Pollard, Elizabeth (2015), Worlds Together Worlds Apart, New York: W.W. Norton Company Inc, p. 287, ISBN 978-0-393-91847-2 (Eng-gí)
- Puri, B. N. (1987), Buddhism in Central Asia, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited, ISBN 978-8120803725 (Eng-gí)
- Singh, Upinder (2009), A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century, Pearson Education India, ISBN 978-8131716779 (Eng-gí)
- Smith, David Howard (1971), Chinese Religions From 1000 B.C. to the Present Day, Weidenfeld & Nicolson (Eng-gí)
- Wu, Ching-hsing (1938), "Some Notes on Kao Seng Chuan", T'ien Hsia Monthly, Kelly and Walsh, ltd., 7 (Eng-gí)
- Zürcher, Erik (2007) The Buddhist Conquest of China: The Spread and Adaptation of Buddhism in Early Medieval China. BRILL. (Eng-gí)
This article incorporates text from The Chinese recorder and missionary journal, Volume 3, a publication from 1871, now in the public domain in the United States. (Eng-gí)
Tsham-ua̍t[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]
- Gutenberg kè-uē (Project Gutenberg)
- Ivrit ê ho̍k-heng (ivrit ê ho̍k-hing, hi-pek-lâi-gí ê ho̍k-hing; eng-gí: Revival of the Hebrew language)
- Sî-su-ha̍k (eng-gí: lexicography)
- lán (eng-gí: we)
- Miâ-jī (miâ-gī; eng-gí: given name)
Guā-pōo lên-ket[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]
- [1] tī Project Gutenberg ê chok-phín (Eng-gí)
- Kumārajīva tī Internet Archive ê chok-phín (Eng-gí)