Karen bîn-tso̍k kái-hòng-kun

Karen bîn-tso̍k kái-hòng-kun
Karen bîn-tso̍k kái-hòng-kun
	ကညီဒီကလုာ် တၢ်ထူၣ်ဖျဲး သုးမုၢ်ဒိၣ်
	; Karen bîn-tso̍k kái-hòng-kun ê kî-á
Leaders	Saw Mutu Say Poe; Bo Mya (1976–2000); Saw Ba U Gyi † (1949–1950)
Dates of operation	1949 nî – bo̍k-tsîng
Headquarters	Lay Wah; Manerplaw (until 1995)
Active regions	Kayah State; Kayin State; Tanintharyi Region; Bago Region; Mon State; Myanmar-Thailand border
Ideology	Karen nationalism; Self-determination
Part of	Karen National Union
Allies	4K Coalition Karenni Army; Karenni National People's Liberation Front; Karenni Nationalities Defence Force; Other Allies; Karen National Defence Organisation; All Burma Students' Democratic Front; Arakan Army; Bamar People's Liberation Army; DKBA-5; Kachin Independence Army; People's Defence Force;
Opponents	State opponents Myanmar Tatmadaw; Border Guard Forces; Myanmar Police Force; Pyusawhti militias; ; Union of Myanmar (1988–2011); Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma (1962–1988); Union of Burma (1949–1962); Non-state opponents Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (1994–2010); Mon National Liberation Army (2016–2019);
Battles and wars	Internal conflict in Myanmar Karen conflict Fall of Manerplaw; Battle of Kawmoora; ; Myanmar civil war (2021–present) Battle of Loikaw (2021); Battle of Mese; ;

Karen bîn-tso̍k kái-hòng-kun (S'gaw Karen: ကညီဒီကလုာ် တၢ်ထူၣ်ဖျဲး သုးမုၢ်ဒိၣ်, myanmar-gú: ကရင်အမျိုးသား လွတ်မြောက်ရေး တပ်မတော်; ing-gú: Karen National Liberation Army, sok-siá tsò KNLA) sī Myanmar Karen bîn-tso̍k liân-bîng ê kun-sū hun-ki (Karen bîn-tso̍k liân-bîng), tì-li̍k teh Myanmar Karen tso̍k jîn-bîn ê tsū-kuat (í-tsîng ê Burma). Karen bîn-tso̍k kái-hòng-kun uì 1949-nî í-lâi it-ti̍t kah Burma tsìng-hú tsok-tsiàn. Kin-kì pò-tō, Karen bîn-tso̍k kái-hòng-kun ê ping-li̍k tī 1980-nî tāi-iok ū 20,000 jîn, 2001-nî ū 3,000 jîn, 2006-nî ū 5,000 jîn,^[7] 2012-nî ū 6,000 jîn, 2014-nî ū 7,000 jîn.^[8] Tsia̍t-tsí 2021 nî-tshe, KNLA kóo-kè tsì-tsió ū 15,000 miâ sū-ping.^[9] Kun-tuī hun-tsò 7-ê lú^[7] kap tsi̍t-ki ti̍k-tsióng tsok-tsiàn pó-liû ê "ti̍k-tsióng pōo-tuī".^[10]

Tsù-kái[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 "KNU and NMSP agree to temporary ceasefire". The Myanmar Times (ēng Eng-gí). 14 March 2018. goân-loē-iông tī 29 April 2021 hőng khó͘-pih. 28 March 2018 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ "Intense clash in Mese, Karenni State". Democratic Voice of Burma (ēng Myanmar-gí). 20 June 2023.
↑ "The 4K, the clash in Mese, and the military movement of Karenni State". People's Spring (ēng Eng-gí). 20 June 2023.
↑ "The Emergence of the ULA/AA and Question of the Rohingya Crisis". 26 January 2023. 14 February 2023 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ "Message from Lieutenant General Bao Jue Hai, Deputy Commander of the Karen National Liberation Army, to the Graduation Ceremony of the Burmese People's Liberation Army". 8 April 2022. 7 April 2022 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ "Pyusawhti militia". Myanmar NOW. goân-loē-iông tī 12 May 2022 hőng khó͘-pih. 23 June 2022 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Asia Times
↑ Rotberg, Robert I. (June 1998). Burma: Prospects for a Democratic Future, by Robert I. Rotberg. ISBN 0815791690. goân-loē-iông tī 28 August 2017 hőng khó͘-pih. 16 December 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ "ชาติพันธุ์กระเหรี่ยง ต่อสู้เพื่อความฝัน "รัฐกะเหรี่ยง"". pptvhd36.com (ēng Thài-kok-gí). goân-loē-iông tī 30 March 2021 hőng khó͘-pih. 3 April 2021 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ 'Special Force' Joins KNLA on High Alert Archived 1 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

Tsham-ua̍t[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]

Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement
Mon National Liberation Army
New Mon State Party

Guā-pōo liân-kiat[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]

[MMTimes14318-1] 1.0 ^1.1 "KNU and NMSP agree to temporary ceasefire". The Myanmar Times (ēng Eng-gí). 14 March 2018. goân-loē-iông tī 29 April 2021 hőng khó͘-pih. 28 March 2018 khòaⁿ--ê.

[2] "Intense clash in Mese, Karenni State". Democratic Voice of Burma (ēng Myanmar-gí). 20 June 2023.

[3] "The 4K, the clash in Mese, and the military movement of Karenni State". People's Spring (ēng Eng-gí). 20 June 2023.

[4] "The Emergence of the ULA/AA and Question of the Rohingya Crisis". 26 January 2023. 14 February 2023 khòaⁿ--ê.

[5] "Message from Lieutenant General Bao Jue Hai, Deputy Commander of the Karen National Liberation Army, to the Graduation Ceremony of the Burmese People's Liberation Army". 8 April 2022. 7 April 2022 khòaⁿ--ê.

[6] "Pyusawhti militia". Myanmar NOW. goân-loē-iông tī 12 May 2022 hőng khó͘-pih. 23 June 2022 khòaⁿ--ê.

[atimes.com-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Asia Times

[Rotberg-8] Rotberg, Robert I. (June 1998). Burma: Prospects for a Democratic Future, by Robert I. Rotberg. ISBN 0815791690. goân-loē-iông tī 28 August 2017 hőng khó͘-pih. 16 December 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.

[9] "ชาติพันธุ์กระเหรี่ยง ต่อสู้เพื่อความฝัน "รัฐกะเหรี่ยง"". pptvhd36.com (ēng Thài-kok-gí). goân-loē-iông tī 30 March 2021 hőng khó͘-pih. 3 April 2021 khòaⁿ--ê.

[10] 'Special Force' Joins KNLA on High Alert Archived 1 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

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