Su-pò͘-chuh
Su-pò͘-chuh (ji̍t. スポーツ; bí. sports; eng. sport), tiāⁿ kóng thé-io̍k iā ūn-tōng, sī kēng-cheng-sèng ê sin-thé oa̍h-tāng ia̍h iû-hì.[1] It-poaⁿ kóng--ê sī ū it-tēng kui-chek jî-chhiá hun su-iâⁿ ia̍h sǹg sêng-chek ê ūn-tōng oa̍h-tāng. M̄-nā ūn-tōng, ū-sî chi̍t kóa bô sáⁿ tín-tāng ê châi-le̍k, pí-lūn kóng kiâⁿ-kî; he̍k-chiá sī chú-iàu óa-khò kî-hâi tōng-le̍k, tōng-bu̍t-la̍t teh ī--ê, pí-lūn chū-tōng-chhia kēng-cháu, bé-á kēng-cháu téng khoán, mā sǹg sī su-pò͘-chuh sū-gia̍p.
Iōng-gí
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]Eng-gí ê sport chit jī, gí-goân sī Kó͘ Hoat-gí desport, ì-sù sī "êng-kang"; Tī 1300 nî chó-iū Eng-gí ê chi̍t khoán kó͘-sek ì-sù, thang piáu-sī "kok khoán hō͘ lâng kám-kak sim-sek iā gû-lo̍k ê tāi-chì".[2]
Eng-gí ê kî-tha ì-sù koh pau-koat poa̍h-kiáu kap pān poa̍h-kiáu ê oa̍h-tāng; phah-la̍h; iû-hì kap chē chióng gû-lo̍k, hâm su-iàu sin-thé ūn-tōng ê chióng-lūi.[3]
Tī 1883 nî chhut-pán, John Macgowan pian ê Ē-mn̂g-ōe sû-tián, sport ū "thit-thô" téng chē chióng hoan-e̍k.[4]
Tēng-gī
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]Su-pò͘-chuh ū chē-chē ì-sù. Nā chiàu SportAccord (chi̍t-ê ūi só͘-ū tōa-hêng su-pò͘-chuh liân-bêng só͘ siat ê cho͘-ha̍p cho͘-chit) thê-kiong ê tùi sport ê chi̍t khoán tēng-gī, su-pò͘-chuh èng-tong ài ū āu-piah chia ê sèng-chit:[1]
- Ū kēng-cheng ê sêng-hun;
- Tùi kok chióng oa̍h-mi̍h bô siong-hāi-sèng;
- Bô óa-khò tan-to̍k kong-kip-chiá thê-kiong siat-pī (tû-liáu oa̍h-tāng pún-sin sī só͘-iú-chiá to̍k-chiàm--ê pí-lūn arena football);
- Bô óa-khò jīn-hô choan-bûn siat-kè ê "chhiàng-suh" sêng-hun tī oa̍h-tāng lāi-bīn.
SportAccord mā chiap-siū su-pò͘-chuh ē-tàng sī chú-iàu khò thé-le̍k--ê (chhiūⁿ la-gú-bih), chú-iàu khò sim-le̍k (chhiū kiâⁿ-kî), tōa-hūn khò tōng-le̍k--ê (chhiūⁿ Formula 1), chú-iàu khò hia̍p-tiâu (co-ordination) lêng-le̍k--ê (chhiūⁿ tōng-kiû), iā su-iàu tong-bu̍t chi-chhî--ê (chhiūⁿ bé-su̍t).[1]
Chóng-sī sim-le̍k hong-bīn ê oa̍h-tāng iáu bô chin siū kong-jīn chiap-siū chò su-pò͘-chuh chi̍t hūn-chú, te̍k-pia̍t sī chi̍t kóa khoân-le̍k ki-koan tī hoat-lu̍t siōng bô kā in tòng chò su-pò͘-chuh.[5]
Le̍k-sú
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]Goân-sí kiam kó͘-tāi sî-kî ê su-pò͘-chuh tiāⁿ koan-sia̍p tio̍h chong-kàu gî-sek. Pí-lūn Maya lâng kap Aztec lâng ê kiû-lūi oa̍h-tāng sī tī biō-sī lāi sîn-sèng ê só͘-chāi kí-hêng, koh phòe-ha̍p hi-seng oa̍h-lâng ê lé-sek. Koh ū chhiūⁿ Jicarilla Apache ēng chiap-le̍k pí-sài lâi khèng-chiok chhun-thiⁿ koh-lâi kiam thó͘-tē ê seng-sán-le̍k. Iā ū ná Kó͘ Hi-lia̍p ēng lio̍k-siōng ūn-tōng o-ló sîn-bêng.[6]
Tī Ai-ki̍p ê Tutankhamen bōng-tē, ū hoat-kiàn phah-la̍h, siā-chìⁿ, kap siong-koan ê ōe-tô͘, tang-tiong piáu-hiān kok-ông ēng chiàn-chhia phah-la̍h ê oa̍h-tāng. Tī Mesopotamia mā ū chi̍t khoán m̄ sī ūi keng-chè su-iàu, sī ūi gû-lo̍k iā chèng-tī piáu-tat só͘ si̍t-hêng ê kok-ông chē chiàn-chhia siā-chìⁿ phah-la̍h ê tô͘, pí-lūn tāi-iok CC 9–7 sè-kí tùi Ashurnasirpal ê kì-su̍t lāi-bīn to̍h ū.[7]
Chham-chiàu
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]Su-chì
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]- David Levinson; Karen Christensen, pian. (1999). Encyclopedia of World Sport. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-513195-9.
- Guttmann, Allen (1999). Modernization.
- Renson, Roland (1999). Archery.
Chù-kha
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Definition of sport". SportAccord. goân-loē-iông tī 28 October 2011 hőng khó͘-pih.
- ↑ Harper, Douglas. "sport (n.)". Online Etymological Dictionary. 20 April 2008 khòaⁿ--ê.
- ↑ Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged. Springfield, MA: G&C Merriam Company. 1967. p. 2206.
- ↑ John Macgowan (1883). "sport". English and Chinese dictionary of the Amoy dialect.
- ↑ "Judicial review of 'sport' or 'game' decision begins". BBC News. 2015-09-22.
- ↑ Guttmann 1999
- ↑ Renson 1999
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