Charles de Gaulle (R91)

*Charles de Gaulle*
	Charles de Gaulle in 2019.
Tsûn-kip tsu-sìn
Tsûn-miâ:	Charles de Gaulle class
Tsûn kong-si:	Hoat-kok Hái-kun
Preceded by:	Clemenceau-kip
Succeeded by:	*PA2 (cancelled) PANG (planned);
Cost:	Pang-bô͘:ShipCost
Built:	1989–2000
In commission:
Kè-uē:	1
Uân-sîng:	1
Li̍k-sú
France
Name:	Charles de Gaulle
Namesake:	Charles de Gaulle
Ordered:	3 February 1986
Builder:	Naval Group
Laid down:	14 April 1989 (stacking of elements in prefabrication since 24 November 1987)
Launched:	7 May 1994
Maiden voyage:	2001-nî 5-gue̍h 18
Renamed:	Ordered as Richelieu on 3 February 1986, renamed Charles de Gaulle 18 May 1987
Homeport:	Toulon, France
Identification:	Pennant number: R91; MMSI number: 228711555;
Nickname(s):	CDG
Honours and; awards:	Jack with the colours of the Free French Forces (front) and the ribbon of the Ordre de la Libération (back)
Status:	tong-ûn ho̍k-i̍k
It-puañ tı̽k-ting
Tsûn-hîng:	Aircraft carrier
Displacement:	42,500 t (41,800 long tons) (full load)
Tsuân-tn̂g:	261.5 m (857 ft 11 in) LOA
Tsuân-khuah:	Overall: 64.36 m (211 ft 2 in); Waterline: 31.5 m (103 ft 4 in);
Height:	66.5 m (218 ft 2 in)
Draught:	9.43 m (30 ft 11 in)
Propulsion:	2 × Areva K15 pressurised water reactors (PWR), 150 MWt each, LEU < 20%; 2 × Alstom steam turbines with a total 61 MW (82,000 hp) shaft power; 4 × diesel-electric; 2 × shafts;
Speed:	27 knots (50 km/h; 31 mph)
Range:	Unlimited distance; 20–25 years
Endurance:	45 days of food
Tsài-tāng:	800 commandos, 500 t (490 long tons; 550 short tons) of ammunition
Complement:	Ship's company: 1,350; Air wing: 600;
Sensors and ; processing systems:	DRBJ 11 B tridimensional air search radar; Thales SMART-S MK2 (replacing DRBJ 11B); DRBV 26D air search radar; DRBV 15C low altitude air search radar; Arabel target acquisition radar;
Electronic warfare ; & decoys:	ARBR 21 Detector; ARBB 33 Countermeasures suite; ARBG2 MAIGRET Interceptor; 4 × Sagaie decoys launcher; SLAT (Système de lutte anti-torpille) torpedo countermeasures;
Armament:	4 × 8 cell A-43 Sylver launchers carrying the MBDA Aster 15 surface-to-air missile.; 2 × 6 cell Sadral launchers carrying Mistral short-range missiles; 20mm autocannons 8 × Giat 20F2 20 mm cannons (original); 3 × Nexter Narwhal (since 2019); ;
Aircraft carried:	30–40 aircraft, including; 30 Rafale M (standard); 2 E-2C Hawkeye; 2 NFH Caïman Marine; 1 AS565 Panther ISR; 2 AS365F Dauphin Pedro;

Charles de Gaulle (kîⁿ-hō R91) sī Hoat-lân-se Kiōng-hô-kok hái-kun ê chi̍t chiah hu̍t-chú tōng-le̍k hâng-khong-bú-lām. Charles de Gaulle tû-liáu sī bo̍k-chêng Hoat-kok ûi-it chi̍t chiah chhau-chok tiong ê hâng-khong-bú-lām, iā sī Hoat-kok hái-kun ê kî-lām. 2001 nî 5 goe̍h 18 hō sêng-kun, Charles de Gaulle sī Hoat-kok le̍k-sú siōng ê tē-cha̍p chiah hâng-khong-bú-lām; i-ê hō-miâ goân-chū Hoat-kok ê kun-sū chiòng-léng kiam chèng-tī-ka Charles de Gaulle. Charles de Gaulle m̄ kan-na sī Hoat-kok tē-it chiah hu̍t-chú tōng-le̍k ê hâng-khong-bú-lām, i iā sī put sio̍k-î Bí-kok hái-kun ê ûi-it chi̍t chiah.

Tsù-kái

↑ Roche, vol.2, p.423
↑ Roche, vol.2, p.128
↑ "Le Charles de Gaulle a ses nouvelles hélices américaines". Libération (ēng Hoat-gí). 4 June 2008. goân-loē-iông tī 18 May 2015 hőng khó͘-pih. 8 May 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ Kuperman, Alan J. (17 April 2013). Nuclear Terrorism and Global Security: The Challenge of Phasing Out Highly Enriched Uranium. Routledge. pp. 189–. ISBN 978-1-135-10586-0. goân-loē-iông tī 7 January 2016 hőng khó͘-pih. 20 October 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 "Nuclear-Powered Ships". World Nuclear Association. August 2015. goân-loē-iông tī 12 June 2013 hőng khó͘-pih. 20 October 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ "Sous-marins australiens: Quels risques de prolifération nucléaire?". 22 September 2021. goân-loē-iông tī 24 September 2021 hőng khó͘-pih. 24 September 2021 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ "Charles de Gaulle". GlobalSecurity.org. 10 June 2013. goân-loē-iông tī 10 November 2015 hőng khó͘-pih. 7 November 2014 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ ""Historic Super Etendard's final carrier launch", Airheadsfly, march 31, 2016". goân-loē-iông tī 8 July 2016 hőng khó͘-pih. 28 June 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ Grolleau, Henri-Pierre (December 2017). Carrier Aviation in the 21st Century. Harpia Publishing. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-9973092-2-5.

Iân-sin ua̍t-to̍k

Moulin, Jean (2020). Tous les porte-aéronefs en France: de 1912 à nos jours [All the Aircraft Carriers of France: From 1912 to Today]. Collection Navires et Histoire des Marines du Mond; 35 (ēng Hoat-gí). Le Vigen, France: Lela Presse. ISBN 978-2-37468-035-4.
Roche, Jean-Michel (2005). Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française de Colbert à nos jours. 2. Group Retozel-Maury Millau. p. 423. ISBN 978-2-9525917-0-6. OCLC 165892922.

Guā-pōo liân-kiat

Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: Charles de Gaulle (R91)

Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām
Charles de Gaulle aircraft carrier at Alabordache.fr

[roche-2-423-1] Roche, vol.2, p.423

[roche-2-128-2] Roche, vol.2, p.128

[secretdefense20080604-3] "Le Charles de Gaulle a ses nouvelles hélices américaines". Libération (ēng Hoat-gí). 4 June 2008. goân-loē-iông tī 18 May 2015 hőng khó͘-pih. 8 May 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.

[Kuperman2013-4] Kuperman, Alan J. (17 April 2013). Nuclear Terrorism and Global Security: The Challenge of Phasing Out Highly Enriched Uranium. Routledge. pp. 189–. ISBN 978-1-135-10586-0. goân-loē-iông tī 7 January 2016 hőng khó͘-pih. 20 October 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.

[wornuke-5] 5.0 ^5.1 "Nuclear-Powered Ships". World Nuclear Association. August 2015. goân-loē-iông tī 12 June 2013 hőng khó͘-pih. 20 October 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.

[6] "Sous-marins australiens: Quels risques de prolifération nucléaire?". 22 September 2021. goân-loē-iông tī 24 September 2021 hőng khó͘-pih. 24 September 2021 khòaⁿ--ê.

[gs-7] "Charles de Gaulle". GlobalSecurity.org. 10 June 2013. goân-loē-iông tī 10 November 2015 hőng khó͘-pih. 7 November 2014 khòaⁿ--ê.

[8] ""Historic Super Etendard's final carrier launch", Airheadsfly, march 31, 2016". goân-loē-iông tī 8 July 2016 hőng khó͘-pih. 28 June 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.

[harpia-9] Grolleau, Henri-Pierre (December 2017). Carrier Aviation in the 21st Century. Harpia Publishing. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-9973092-2-5.

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