Koaⁿ-gâm
| Liver cancer | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Hepatic cancer, primary hepatic malignancy, primary liver cancer |
 | |
| CT scan of a liver with cholangiocarcinoma | |
| Specialty | Gastroenterology Hepatology Oncology |
| Symptoms | Lump or pain in the right side below the rib cage, swelling of the abdomen, yellowish skin, easy bruising, weight loss, weakness[1] |
| Usual onset | 55 to 65 years old[2] |
| Causes | hepatitis B, hepatitis C, alcoholism, aflatoxin, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver flukes[3][4] |
| Diagnostic method | Blood tests, medical imaging, tissue biopsy[1] |
| Prevention | Immunization against hepatitis B, treating those infected with hepatitis B or C,[3] decreasing exposure to aflatoxin, decreasing high levels of alcohol consumption |
| Treatment | Surgery, targeted therapy, radiation therapy[1] |
| Prognosis | Five-year survival rates ~18% (US);[2] 40% (Japan)[5] |
| Frequency | 618,700 (point in time in 2015)[6] |
| Deaths | 782,000 (2018)[7] |
Koaⁿ-gâm (肝癌) sī hoat-seng tī koaⁿ-chōng ia̍h-sī ùi koaⁿ-chōng khai-sí ê ok-sèng chéng-liû.
 | Pún bûn-chiuⁿ sī chi̍t phiⁿ phí-á-kiáⁿ. Lí thang tàu khok-chhiong lâi pang-chō͘ Wikipedia. |
|
- 1 2 3 Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê
<ref>tag; chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jī "NIH2016" - 1 2 Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê
<ref>tag; chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jī "SEER2016" - 1 2 Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê
<ref>tag; chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jī "WCR2014Liver" - ↑ Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê
<ref>tag; chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jī "GBD2013" - ↑ "がん診療連携拠点病院等院内がん登録生存率集計：[国立がん研究センター がん登録・統計]". ganjoho.jp. 2 February 2020 khòaⁿ--ê.
- ↑ Vos, Theo; et al. (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577
. PMID 27733282. - ↑ Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê
<ref>tag; chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jī "Bray2018"
