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Tourette chèng-hāu-kûn

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Tourette syndrome
Other names Tourette's syndrome, Tourette's disorder, Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS), combined vocal and multiple motor tic disorder [de la Tourette]
Head and shoulders of a man with a shorter Edwardian beard and closely cropped hair, in a circa-1870 French coat and collar
Georges Gilles de la Tourette (1857–1904),
namesake of Tourette syndrome
Specialty Pediatrics, neurology, psychiatry[1]
Symptoms Tics[2]
Usual onset Typically in childhood[2]
Duration Long term[3]
Causes Genetic with environmental influence[3]
Diagnostic method Based on history and symptoms[2]
Medication Usually none, occasionally neuroleptics and noradrenergics[2]
Prognosis 80% will experience improvement to disappearance of tics beginning in late teens[3]
Frequency About 1% of children and adolescents[4]
Between 0.3% and 1.0% of general population[5]

Tourette chèng-hāu-kûn (Hôa-gí: 妥瑞氏症; Eng-gí: Tourette('s) syndrome, Tourette Spectrum (TS), Tourette's disorder, he̍k Gilles de la Tourette syndrome) sī 1-chióng sîn-keng-ha̍k he̍k sîn-keng-hòa-ha̍k ê chiàng-gāi-pēⁿ-chèng (disorder), sī í hoat-hiān-chiá Georges Gilles de la Tourette ê miâ lâi hō--ê.

Chit-ê pēⁿ ê te̍k-cheng sī tics, 1-chióng tiông-ho̍k hoat-seng, bô-hoat-tō· khòng-chè, khoài-sok, hu̍t-jiân ê tōng-chok he̍k hoat-chhut siaⁿ-im. Chèng-chōng pau-koah kúi-á-chióng ê tōng-chok tics kap 1-ê he̍k chē-ê siaⁿ-im ê tics. Chia-ê tics tī pēⁿ tiong ū-sî m̄-koh bô-tiāⁿ kāng-sî ē hoat-seng; khah chia̍p--ê, múi-1-kang hoat-seng tics kúi-á-pái, he̍k-chiá-sī khah kú--ê, kúi-á-tang ê sî-kan lāi ū-tang-sî--á hoat-seng ū-tang-sî--á koh hó-hó; tics hoat-seng ê ūi-tì, chióng-lūi, pîn-lu̍t kap chhù-sò· ū chiu-kî-sèng ê piàn-hòa, jî-chhiáⁿ hoat-chok ê kiông-tō· ê tau̍h-tau̍h-á cheng-ka koh tau̍h-tau̍h-á kiám-chió; ta̍k-pái hoat-chok chi-kan chèng-chōng ē siau-sit kúi-lé-pài he̍k kúi-kó·-go̍eh; hoat-pēⁿ tī 18-hòe chìn-chêng, tiāⁿ-tī 5~8 hòe chhut-hiān.

Siaⁿ-im hêng ê tics nā-kā hun-lūi, ū echolalia (chhīⁿ-kông teh tiông-ho̍k pa̍t-lâng tú kóng--kòe ê ōe-gí), palilalia (kiông-pek ka-tī kóng ka-tī tú kóng--ê ōe-gí), lexilalia (bô-thang chó·-chí tiông-ho̍k kóng tú khòaⁿ/tha̍k--kòe ê gí-sû), kap siāng-gâu ín-khí gī-lūn ê coprolalia (chū-hoat-sèng lâi kóng chhut siā-hōe kìm-kī ê ōe-gí, hó-pí-kóng óe-siat ê ōe-gí kap jîn-chéng he̍k chéng-cho̍k ê khî-sī ōe-gí). Iah-m̄-koh mā-ū chiâⁿ-chē siaⁿ-im ê tics sī tī chia-ê í ōe-gí tiông-ho̍k chò kin-kù ê hun-lūi í-gōa--ê, hó-pí sī jīn-hô té-té ê siaⁿ-im, chhan-chhiūⁿ chheng nâ-âu, ka-sàu, hiⁿ-hiⁿ-haiⁿ-haiⁿ, hâⁿ-hâⁿ-hńg-hńg ê siaⁿ.

Tōng-chok hêng ê tics ū nih-ba̍k-chiu, chhèng-phiⁿ-á, chhùi-kak chhoah-tōng, tìm-thâu, iô-thâu, niú-khiau ê bīn-pō· piáu-chêng, sin-khu ngia̍uh-ngia̍uh-tāng, he̍k chò-chhut siat-thái ê tōng-chok.

Tī choan-sim chò tāi-chì he̍k tōa-khùn ê sî, tics tiāⁿ-ē toán-chiām siau-sit. Khoân-kéng in-sò· m̄-sī i -ê pēⁿ-in, m̄-koh ap-le̍k, bô-liâu, ià-lán, kap kín-tiuⁿ ē-tit ka-tāng tics ê hoat-seng pîn-lu̍t kap kiông-tō·. Saⁿ-siâng chì sì-sêng ê hōan-chiá tióng-tōa í-āu tics ē siau-sit, saⁿ-siâng ē bêng-hián kiám-chió, kî-thaⁿ saⁿ-hun-chi-it kàu sêng-jîn ia̍h-koh kāng-khoán. Chit-ê pēⁿ bōe tì-sú tì-lêng thòe-hòa, m̄-koh tiāⁿ-ē kan-jiáu tha̍k-chheh, siá-jī, siōng-khò bōe choan-sim, tì-sú sêng-chek thòe-pō·. Mā tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ha̍p-pèng ū kî-thaⁿ ê bûn-tê, chhin-chhiūⁿ khòe-tōng-chèng, kiông-pek-chèng, iu-ut-chèng.

Io̍h-bu̍t tī-liâu chú-iāu sī sú-siōng topamine kiat-khàng-che, tùi 70-pha kàu 80-pha ê pēⁿ-tông ū-hāu. Su-jiân ū saⁿ-hun-chi-it ê hoān-chiá tōa-hàn liáu-āu chèng-chōng bōe-hó, m̄-koh in ē-hiáu siu-sì am-khàm katī ê chèng-chōng.

  1. Müller-Vahl KR, Szejko N, Verdellen C, et al. (July 2021). "European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders: summary statement". Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 31 (3): 377–382. doi:10.1007/s00787-021-01832-4. PMC 8940881Freely accessible Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 34244849 Check |pmid= value (help).  Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help)
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Stern JS (August 2018). "Tourette's syndrome and its borderland" (PDF). Pract Neurol (Historical review). 18 (4): 262–70. doi:10.1136/practneurol-2017-001755. PMID 29636375.  Unknown parameter |doi-access= ignored (help)
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Tourette syndrome fact sheet". National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. July 6, 2018. goân-loē-iông tī December 1, 2018 hőng khó͘-pih. November 30, 2018 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  4. Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê <ref> tag; chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jī Hollis
  5. Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê <ref> tag; chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jī EuropeanPartI
  6. Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê <ref> tag; chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jī PringHoller2019