Hoân-gí
| Saṃskṛtam | |
|---|---|
Saṃskṛta-, Saṃskṛtam | |
 | |
| Hoat-im | [ˈsɐ̃skr̩tɐm] |
| Sú-iōng tē-khu | Lâm A-chiu (Kó͘-tāi kap Tiong-sè-kí), Tang-lâm A-chiu (Tiong-sè-kí) |
| Era | c. 1500 – 600 BCE (Vedic Sanskrit);[1] 700 BCE – 1350 CE (Classical Sanskrit)[2] |
| ho̍k-heng | [3][4][5][6][7][8] |
| Gí-hē | |
| Chá-kî hêng-sek | |
| Bûn-jī hē-thóng | Brāhmī bûn-jī, Brahmi-hē bûn-jī[lower-alpha 1][9][10] |
| Koaⁿ-hong tē-ūi | |
| Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân |  Ìn-tō͘[lower-alpha 2] |
| Sêng-jīn ê chió-sò͘ gí-giân | |
| Gí-giân tāi-bé | |
| ISO 639-1 | sa |
| ISO 639-2 | san |
| ISO 639-3 | san |
| Glottolog | sans1269 |
Hoân-gí (संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam), sī chi̍t khoán Indo-Aryan gí-giân, sī Ìn-tō͘ chèng-hú kong-pò͘ ê kó͘-tián gí-giân kiam 22 khoán pâi-tēng gí-giân (scheduled language) chi it; mā-sī Uttarakhand pang ê koaⁿ-hong gí-giân. Hoân-gí sī le̍k-sú-siōng tiōng-iàu ê ha̍k-su̍t kap chong-kàu gí-giân.
Tsù-sik
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]- ↑ "In conclusion, there are strong systemic and paleographic indications that the Brahmi script derived from a Semitic prototype, which, mainly on historical grounds, is most likely to have been Aramaic. However, the details of this problem remain to be worked out, and in any case, it is unlikely that a complete letter-by-letter derivation will ever be possible; for Brahmi may have been more of an adaptation and remodeling, rather than a direct derivation, of the presumptive Semitic prototype, perhaps under the influence of a preexisting Indian tradition of phonetic analysis. However, the Semitic hypothesis is not so strong as to rule out the remote possibility that further discoveries could drastically change the picture. In particular, a relationship of some kind, probably partial or indirect, with the protohistoric Indus Valley script should not be considered entirely out of the question." Salomon 1998, p. 30
- ↑ It is one of 22 Eighth Schedule languages for which the Constitution mandates development.
- ↑ Sanskrit is "Protected Language" Under Constitution, Chapter 1 (6) (5) (b) (¡¡)[11]
Tsù-kái
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]- ↑ Uta Reinöhl (2016). Grammaticalization and the Rise of Configurationality in Indo-Aryan. Oxford University Press. pp. xiv, 1–16. ISBN 978-0-19-873666-0.
- ↑ Colin P. Masica 1993, p. 55: "Thus Classical Sanskrit, fixed by Panini’s grammar in probably the fourth century BC on the basis of a class dialect (and preceding grammatical tradition) of probably the seventh century BC, had its greatest literary flowering in the first millennium AD and even later, much of it therefore a full thousand years after the stage of the language it ostensibly represents."
- ↑ Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê
<ref>tag; chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jīpatrick-mccartney-5-10-20 - ↑ Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê
<ref>tag; chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jīpatrick-mccartney-5-11-20 - ↑ Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê
<ref>tag; chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jīsreevastan-thehindu-sanskrit - ↑ Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê
<ref>tag; chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jīLowe2017 - ↑ Ruppel, A. M. (2017). The Cambridge Introduction to Sanskrit. Cambridge University Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-1-107-08828-3.
The study of any ancient (or dead) language is faced with one main challenge: ancient languages have no native speakers who could provide us with examples of simple everyday speech
- ↑ Annamalai, E. (2008). "Contexts of multilingualism". Chū Braj B. Kachru; Yamuna Kachru; S. N. Sridhar. Language in South Asia. Cambridge University Press. pp. 223–. ISBN 978-1-139-46550-2.
Some of the migrated languages ... such as Sanskrit and English, remained primarily as a second language, even though their native speakers were lost. Some native languages like the language of the Indus valley were lost with their speakers, while some linguistic communities shifted their language to one or other of the migrants' languages.
- ↑ Jain, Dhanesh (2007). "Sociolinguistics of the Indo-Aryan languages". Chū George Cardona; Dhanesh Jain. The Indo-Aryan Languages. Routledge. pp. 47–66, 51. ISBN 978-1-135-79711-9.
In the history of Indo-Aryan, writing was a later development and its adoption has been slow even in modern times. The first written word comes to us through Asokan inscriptions dating back to the third century BC. Originally, Brahmi was used to write Prakrit (MIA); for Sanskrit (OIA) it was used only four centuries later (Masica 1991: 135). The MIA traditions of Buddhist and Jain texts show greater regard for the written word than the OIA Brahminical tradition, though writing was available to Old Indo-Aryans.
- ↑ Salomon, Richard (2007). "The Writing Systems of the Indo-Aryan Languages". Chū George Cardona; Dhanesh Jain. The Indo-Aryan Languages. Routledge. pp. 67–102. ISBN 978-1-135-79711-9.
Although in modern usage Sanskrit is most commonly written or printed in Nagari, in theory, it can be represented by virtually any of the main Brahmi-based scripts, and in practice it often is. Thus scripts such as Gujarati, Bangla, and Oriya, as well as the major south Indian scripts, traditionally have been and often still are used in their proper territories for writing Sanskrit. Sanskrit, in other words, is not inherently linked to any particular script, although it does have a special historical connection with Nagari.
- ↑ "Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 - Chapter 1: Founding Provisions". gov.za. 6 December 2014 khòaⁿ--ê.
Tsham-khó bûn-hèn
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Guā-pōo lên-ket
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]
 |
For a list of words relating to Hoân-gí, see the Sanskrit language category of words in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
- "INDICORPUS-31". 31 Sanskrit and Dravidian dictionaries for Lingvo.
- Karen Thomson; Jonathan Slocum. "Ancient Sanskrit Online". free online lessons from the "Linguistics Research Center". University of Texas at Austin.
- "Samskrita Bharati". an organisation promoting the usage of Sanskrit
- "Sanskrit Documents". — Documents in ITX format of Upanishads, Stotras etc.
- "Sanskrit texts". Sacred Text Archive.
- "Sanskrit Manuscripts". Cambridge Digital Library.
- "Lexilogos Devanagari Sanskrit Keyboard". for typing Sanskrit in the Devanagari script.
- "Online Sanskrit Dictionary". — sources results from Monier Williams etc.
- "The Sanskrit Grammarian". — dynamic online declension and conjugation tool
- "Online Sanskrit Dictionary". — Sanskrit hypertext dictionary
- "Sanskrit Shlokas collection". — Collection of Sanskrit Shlokas from Various Sanskrit Texts
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