Ni-khí
Ni-khí khí-lia̍t tāi-iok tùi chhut-sì 6 kó·-goe̍h khai-sí hoat-gê kàu 2 hòe-pòaⁿ chó-iū hoat liáu, sī jîn-lūi tē-1 thò ê chhùi-khí. 6 hòe chó-iū kàu 12 hòe chó-iū kî-kan ni-khí lo̍k-sio̍k thoat-lo̍h ōaⁿ-chò éng-kiú-khí. Chin chió-sò· ê chêng-hêng hā ( sian-thian-sèng khiàm-khoat éng-kiú-khí, oligodontia ) ni-khí ē kè-sio̍k ûi-tî kàu saⁿ-sì-cha̍p-hòe chiah thoat-lo̍h.
Ni-khí ê sò·-bo̍k kap miâ-chheng
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]Ni-khí chóng-kiōng ū 20 khí, múi 1-ê quadrant ū 5 khí, iû kīn-sim kàu oán-sim hun-pia̍t sī 1 khí chèng-tiong mn̂g-khí, 1 khí chhek mn̂g-khí, 1 khí kak-khí kap 2 khí kiū- khí. Ūi-tio̍h kán-tan, múi 1 khí ni-khí lóng-ū tāi-hō, pí-jû-kóng Set square systemàn-chiàu quadrant ûi thâu-chêng kàu āu-piah kā pian-chó A, B, C, D, kap E. Tò-pêng téng-koân ê kak-khí tio̍h siá-chò +C ( C khǹg tī tò-pêng téng-koân hit-ê quadrant), kî-thaⁿ lūi-thui. Siông-sè chhiáng khòaⁿ chhùi-khí chia.
Ni-khí ê hêng-thāi kap kái-phòa
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/zh-min-nan/thumb/5/54/Maxillary_right_primary_second_molar.png/400px-Maxillary_right_primary_second_molar.png)
Ni-khí ê hâm-chúi-liōng pí éng-kiú-khí khah-chē, che tì-sú ni-khí ê sek-tì chham éng-kiú-khí bô-sio-siâng, ni-khí ê sek-tì pí éng-kiú-khí khah nâ-pe̍h, a̍h éng-kiú-khí pí-kàu--khì-lâi khah n̂g khah phú-sek. Ni-khí ê khí-gún-pō· (cervix) pí éng-kiú-khí khah siu-sok, án-ne sú-tit ni-khí ê gê-koan (crown) ná-siuN pí khí-kin ke chin-tōa. Ni-khí gê-koan ê gê-iū-chit kap gê-pún-chit lóng tāi-iok 1 mm kāu, pí éng-kiú-khí ke chin-po̍h. Ni-khí mn̂g-khí ke̍k kak-khí kan-tāⁿ ū 1-ê khí-kin, a̍h kiū-khí ū 2-ê kàu 3-ê khí-kin. Ni-khí kiū-khí ê khí-kin pí éng-kiú-khí khah-iù-siù, chi-kan ê kū-lî pí éng-kiú-khí khah tōa, ia̍h-tio̍h-sī kóng khí-kin khui khah khui, bē-su-nā giap peng-kak ê giap-á (ice tongs). Chit-ê thí-khui ê giap-á-hêng ê khí-kin hêng-thāi sī ūi-tio̍h beh iông-la̍p chiap-sio̍k beh hoat-chhut ê éng-kiú sió-kiū-khí, in-chhú tī-teh bán-tû khí-kin iah-bē khip-siu ê ni-kiú-khí ê sî-chūn, tio̍h-ài sè-jī. Ni-khí ê gê-chhóe-khiuⁿ (pulp chamber) tōa-sió chiàm gê-koan ê pí-lē pí éng-kiú-khí khah-tōa, in-chhú sió-kóa chiù-khang tio̍h-ē chiù kàu gê-chhóe (it-poaⁿ lâng kóng sîn-keng). Ni-khí gê-chhóe hoat-seng pēⁿ-piàn ê sî, lamina dura ê phò-hāi siâng-chāi chhut-hiān tī khí-kin hun-kî (furcation) ê só·-chāi, a̍h éng-kiú-khí chhut-hiān tī khí-kin bóe-liu (root apex) ê só·-chāi khah-chē.
Ni-khí chhut-khí ê sî-kan
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/zh-min-nan/thumb/c/c2/Calcification_%26_eruption_times.png/560px-Calcification_%26_eruption_times.png)
Ni-khí ê kong-lêng
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]Ni-khí ê kong-lêng m̄-ā pō·-chia̍h, hoat-im, kap bí-koan, iah-ū khí-lia̍t khong-kan ûi-chhî ( space maintenance ) kap ín-tó éng-kiú-khí chhut-khí (萌發, teething, eruption ) ê kong-lêng.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/zh-min-nan/thumb/c/cc/Ni-khi_kap_eng-kiu-khi_e_koan-he.png/300px-Ni-khi_kap_eng-kiu-khi_e_koan-he.png)
- Ín-tó éng-kiú-khí chhut-khí
Éng-kiú-khí ē tùi ni-khí ê ē-kha ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á ǹg-gōa chhut-khí, éng-kiú-khí iân-lō· ǹg-gōa hoat--chhut-lâi, ni-khí ê khí-kin iân-lō· khip-siu. Nā-chún ni-khí in-ūi chiù-khí he̍k-chiah-sī kî-thaⁿ goân-in thê-chá thoat-lo̍h, bô ni-khí ê ín-tó, éng-kiú-khí ē khah-bān hoat-chhut.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/zh-min-nan/thumb/9/9b/Drifting_of_primary_teeth.png/200px-Drifting_of_primary_teeth.png)
- khong-kan ûi-chhî
Kháu-khiuⁿ ê chhùi-khí ū phû-sóa ê kheng-siōng, ni-khí ê C, D ē ǹg oán-sim phû-sóa ( distal drifting ), a̍h ni-khí ê E kap éng-kiú-khí ê 6, 7, 8 ē ǹg kīn-sim ( mesial ) phû-sóa. Tī pêng-hêng ê pō·-chia̍h ki-bah hē-thóng kap kiān-khong ê chhùi-khí chêng-hêng chi-hā, chhùi-khí ê siong-tùi ūi-tì ē ta̍t-kàu ún-tēng ê chōng-thāi. Nā D he̍k E thê-chá thoat-lo̍h he̍k-sī sio-chaip-bīn chiù-khí ( proximal caries ), oán-sim kap kīn-sim sio-chiap ê chhùi-khí tio̍h-ē sio-óa--khòe-lâi, chō-sêng khí-lia̍t khong-kan ê sòng-sit. Khí-lia̍t kīn-oán-sim tn̂g-tō· kiám-chió sī tì-sú éng-kiú-khí hoat bē chéng-chê ê goân-in chi-it.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/zh-min-nan/thumb/d/d9/Crowding.jpg/200px-Crowding.jpg)
Ni-khí chi̍t-pēⁿ ê tī-liâu
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/zh-min-nan/thumb/d/d7/Pulpotomy.gif/200px-Pulpotomy.gif)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/zh-min-nan/thumb/b/b8/Pulpectomy.gif/200px-Pulpectomy.gif)
In-ūi ni-khí ê kai-tōaⁿ-sèng te̍k-sèng, tī tī-liâu sî khó-lū ê tiōng-tiám sī án-chóaⁿ hō· gín-á pêng-iú sūn-lī chiap-siū tī-liâu, 1 bīn ûi-chhî ni-khí ê kong-lêng, koh 1 bīn khak-pó éng-kiú khí-lia̍t ê sūn-lī bêng-hoat.
Ni-khí chiù-khí ê thiⁿ-pó· tī-liâu chú-iàu bo̍k-piau sī hō· gin-á pêng-iú ē-tàng tī kheng-sang kap khoài-lo̍k chêng-hêng hā oân-sêng tī-liâu, a̍h m̄-sī oân-bí ê thiⁿ-pó·. Ni-khí it-poaⁿ siāng-bān 12 hòe tio̍h ē lok--khí, thiⁿ-pó· sú-iōng ê châi-liāu ê khó-lū kap éng-kiú-khí bô-kâng. Ni-khí thiⁿ-pó· sú-iōng ê châi-liāu siāng tāi-seng khó-lū ê sī glass ionomer, In-ūi glass ionomer sui-jiân tòng khah bē kú, m̄-koh ū liâm-kiat-èng, m̄-bián chhia-bôa undercut, án-ne tio̍h ē-tàng chīn-liōng pó-liû chhùi-khí,jī-chhiáⁿ glass ionomer koh ē sek-chhut fluoride kàng-kē koh chiù-khí ê ki-hōe. Soah--lo̍h-lâi khó-lū ê sī gîn-hún (amalgam), in-ūi i siāng kan-tan. Chòe-āu chiah-sī ho̍k-ha̍p chhiū-chí (composite resin), in-ūi i ki-su̍t siāng bín-kám, tú tio̍h chhùi-nōa he̍k heh-e̍k tio̍h-ē sit-pāi.
Chiù-khí nā chiù kàu gê-chhóe tio̍h su-iàu kin-kńg tī-liâu, ni-khí ê kin-kńg tī-liâu ū hun-chò toān-chhóe-su̍t (斷髓術, pulpotomy) kap bán-chhóe-su̍t (挽髓術, pulpectomy) 2 tióng. Toān-chhóe-su̍t tio̍h-sī kā gê-chhóe-khiuⁿ ê gê-chhóe chhiat-tû, a̍h pó·-liû kin-kńg ê gê-chhóe. Che sit-hap sú-iōng tī gê-chhóe hoat-iām kan-tāⁿ hoat-seng tī gê-chhóe-khiuⁿ, bô pau-koa̍h kin-kńg ê chêng-hêng. Bán-chhóe-su̍t tio̍h-sī kā gê-chhóe-khiuⁿ kap kin-kńg ê gê-chhóe lóng bán-tû, sit-hap sú-iōng tī hoat-iām í-keng chhim-hoōn káu kin-kńg ê gê-chhóe, sīm-chí í-keng pháiⁿ-sú (壞死, necrosis) ê sî-chūn. It-poaⁿ lâi-kóng, ni-khí ê kin-kńg tī-liâu sêng-kong-lu̍t khah-kē, iû-kî sī
Ni-khí chi̍t-pēⁿ ê ī-hông
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé] Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.
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