Pì āu put oân-tûn bió-im

IPA ê bú-im
	i • y ɨ • ʉ ɯ • u ɪ • ʏ ɪ̈ • ʊ̈ ɯ̽ • ʊ e • ø ɘ • ɵ ɤ • o e̞ • ø̞ ə ɤ̞ • o̞ ɛ • œ ɜ • ɞ ʌ • ɔ æ ɐ a • ɶ ä ɑ • ɒ
	chhù pì
	poàn pì
	tiong
	poàn khai
	chhù khai
	khai
Paired vowels are: unrounded • rounded
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Pì āu put uân-tûn guân-im
ɯ
tô͘
IPA pian-hō	316
pian-bé
HTML bé cha̍p-chìn-ūi	ɯ
Unicode cha̍p-la̍k-chìn-ūi	U+026F
X-SAMPA Im-piau	M
ASCII Im-piau	u-
siaⁿ-im

Pì āu put uân-tûn guân-im (ing-gú: close back unrounded vowel) hi̍k-tsiá Ko āu put oân-tûn bió-im (ing-gú: high back unrounded vowel)^[1] sī tsi̍t-kuá kháu-gú lāi-té sú-iōng ê tsi̍t-tsióng guân-im. Kok-tsè im-piau lāi-té tāi-piáu tsit-ê im ê hû-hō sī ⟨ɯ⟩. Teh pâi-pán tíng-kuân sī kā ⟨m⟩ jī-bú tńg-kuè-lâi ê ⟨ɯ⟩, khó-lū-tio̍h ⟨ɯ⟩ hām jī-bú ⟨u⟩ sóo tāi-piáu ê siañ-im kuan-hē, ⟨ɯ⟩ ē-tàng hông jīm-uî sī ka-siōng ke-tsi̍t-ê "uáñ-kong (u)" ê ⟨u⟩.

Tsù-kái

↑ While the International Phonetic Association prefers the terms "close" and "open" for vowel height, many linguists use "high" and "low".

Tsham-khó bûn-hiàn

Asu, Eva Liina; Teras, Pire (2009). "Estonian". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 39 (3): 367–372. doi:10.1017/s002510030999017x.
Bauer, Laurie; Warren, Paul (2004), "New Zealand English: phonology", chū Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive, A handbook of varieties of English, 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 580–602, ISBN 3-11-017532-0
Bowerman, Sean (2004), "White South African English: phonology", chū Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive, A handbook of varieties of English, 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 931–942, ISBN 3-11-017532-0
Ladefoged, Peter (1999), "American English", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, Cambridge University Press, pp. 41–44
Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 25 (2): 90–94, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223
Göksel, Asli; Kerslake, Celia (2005), Turkish: a comprehensive grammar, Routledge, ISBN 978-0415114943
Gordon, Matthew J. (2004), "New York, Philadelphia, and other northern cities: phonology", chū Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive, A handbook of varieties of English, 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 282–299, ISBN 3-11-017532-0
International Phonetic Association (1999), Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-65236-7
Labrune, Laurence (2012), The Phonology of Japanese, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-954583-4
Lee, Hyun Bok (1999), "Korean", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge University Press, pp. 120–123, ISBN 0-521-63751-1
Okada, Hideo (1999), "Japanese", chū International Phonetic Association, Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge University Press, pp. 117–119, ISBN 978-0-52163751-0
Tingsabadh, M.R. Kalaya; Abramson, Arthur S. (1993). "Thai". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 23 (1): 24–26. doi:10.1017/S0025100300004746.
Wells, John C. (1982). Accents of English. Volume 3: Beyond the British Isles (pp. i–xx, 467–674). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-52128541-0 .
Zimmer, Karl; Orgun, Orhan (1999), "Turkish" (PDF), Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 154–158, ISBN 0-521-65236-7, goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 2018-07-25 hőng khó͘-pih, 2015-11-20 khòaⁿ--ê
Vasconcelos, Eduardo A. (2013). Investigando a hipótese Cayapó do Sul-Panará (PhD). Campinas: University of Campinas. doi:10.47749/T/UNICAMP.2013.929939.
Alves, Ana Carolina Ferreira (2013). "Aspectos do sistema fonológico de Arara (Karib)". Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas. 8 (2). doi:10.1590/S1981-81222013000200003.
dos Anjos, Zoraide (2012). "Fonologia Katukina-Kanamari". LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas. 12 (1). doi:10.20396/liames.v0i12.1486.

Tsham-ua̍t

Yankee tshut-pán kong-si [en] (Yankee Publishing, Inc.)
Kok-tsè im-piau ha̍k-huē [en] (International Phonetic Association)

Guā-pōo liân-kiat

List of languages with [ɯ] on PHOIBLE (Eng-gí)

[1] While the International Phonetic Association prefers the terms "close" and "open" for vowel height, many linguists use "high" and "low".

[1]