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Bí-tiong Saⁿ ê Kong-pò

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Bí-tiong Saⁿ ê Kong-pò (美中三个公報; Eng-gí: Three Joint Communiqués; Hàn-gí: 中美三个联合公报), ū-sî kán-chheng Saⁿ ê Kong-pò, sī Bí-kok chèng-hú kap Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok chèng-hú kiōng-tông tùi-gōa hoat-pió ê saⁿ ê gōa-kau seng-bêng ê ha̍p-chheng, pau-koat Siōng-hái Kong-pò, Bí-tiong Kiàn-kau Kong-pò, kap Pat-it-chhit Kong-pò. Chit saⁿ ê kong-pò sī Bí-tiong siang-hong tī Léng-chiàn sî-kî khai-khé tùi-ōe kap koan-hē chèng-siông-hòa ê tiōng-iàu ki-chhó͘.


Bí-kok chèng-hú chú-tiuⁿ i gōa-kau-siōng ê It-tiong Chèng-chhek sī khiā tī Bí-tiong Saⁿ ê Kong-pò, La̍k hāng Pó-chèng, kap Tâi-oân Koan-hē Hoat ê ki-chhó͘ siōng só͘ chè-tēng--ê, tān-sī Bí-kok hóⁿ-jīn chhiam-sú Saⁿ ê Kong-pò tiō sī tāi-piáu Bîn-kok chi-chhî Tiong-kok só͘ chú-tiuⁿ ê “Chit ê Tiong-kok Goân-chek”.

Siōng-hái Kong-pò

[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]
1972 nî 2 goe̍h 28, khì Siōng-hái ê Nixon.

Siōng-hái Kong-pò (上海公報; ing: Shanghai Communiqué) sī Bí-kok chóng-thóng Richard Nixon 1972 nî hóng-būn Tiong-kok kî-kan tī Siōng-hái hām Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Kok-bū-īⁿ Chóng-lí Chiu Un-lâi chhiam-sú--ê, kong-pò ê chèng-sek miâ-chheng sī Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok hām Bí-lī-kian Ha̍p-chióng-kok Liân-ha̍p Kong-pò, chhiam-sú ji̍t-kî sī 1972 nî 2 goe̍h 28. Chit ê liân-ha̍p kong-pò ū chi̍t-kóa te̍k-pia̍t ê só͘-chāi, tō sī siang-hong thâu-khí-seng bô hôe-pī in ka-tī ê kî-kiàn, bûn-kiāⁿ tong-tiong thiah-bêng kóng siang-hong ū bô-kâng ê koan-tiám, jî-chhiáⁿ piáu-sī siang-hong goān-ì chun-tiōng tùi-hong ê li̍p-tiûⁿ. Sûi-āu koh biâu-su̍t siang-hong ta̍t-sêng ê kiōng-sek.

Siōng-hái Kong-pò ê chú-iàu lōe-iông ū:

  • siang-hong tùi Oa̍t-lâm būn-tê kap A-chiu kî-thaⁿ tē-khu chèng-tī kio̍k-sè ê bô-kâng khòaⁿ-hoat;
  • Tiong-bí koan-hē chèng-siông-hòa hû-ha̍p siang-hong ê lī-ek;
  • kok-chè cheng-gī èng-kai chiū chun-tiōng chú-khoân, bô cha̍p-chhap pat-kok lāi-chèng ê ki-chhó͘ téng-koân lâi kái-koat, hoán-tùi jīm-hô kok-ka tī A-chiu kiàn-li̍p pà-khoân ia̍h-sī tī sè-kài siōng ōe-hun lī-ek hoān-ûi;
  • Tiong-hong kian-koat hoán-tùi jīm-hô ūi-tio̍h beh chè-chō “It Tiong It Tâi”, “Chi̍t ê Tiong-kok, nn̄g ê Chèng-hú”, “Nn̄g ê Tiong-kok”, “Tâi-oân to̍k-li̍p” kap kó͘-chhui “Tâi-oân tē-ūi bī-tēng lūn” ê oa̍h-tāng;
  • Bí-hong se̍k-sāi tio̍h (acknowledge) hái-kiap lióng-hōaⁿ só͘-ū ê Tiong-kok-lâng lóng kian-chhî Chi̍t ê Tiong-kok, Tâi-oân sī Tiong-kok ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn, pēng-chhiáⁿ tùi chit khoán li̍p-tiûⁿ bô beh thê-chhut ī-gī (not to challenge); i koh-chài seng-bêng kóng i koan-sim Tiong-kok-lâng ka-tī hô-pêng kái-koat Tâi-oân būn-tê, jî-chhiáⁿ ē in-èng tē-khu kio̍k-sè lo̍h-nńg, tau̍h-tau̍h-á kiám-chió Chù-tâi Bí-kun ê siat-si kap bú-chong le̍k-liōng;
  • hùn-tōa siang-hong bîn-kan ê kau-liû kap lâi-óng, ūi siang-pêng ê bō͘-e̍k thê-kiong lī-piān;
  • pó-chhî chiap-chhiok ê koán-tō.

Siōng-hái Kong-pò sī 1972 nî Nixon hóng-būn Tiong-kok ê chú-iàu sêng-kó, siōng-teng Tiong-bí koan-hē siong-tùi tńg-hô. Bí-kok beh kah Tiong-kok giú-tàu-tīn, tī kok-chè siōng chìn-chi̍t-pō͘ ko͘-li̍p So͘-liân kap i ê ōe-chheⁿ kok-ka, lī-iōng Tiong-so͘ hun-lia̍t lâi ka-kiông Bí-kok ê kok-ka an-choân. Sui-jiân Pak-kiaⁿ kap Washington ê ì-sek-hêng-thài bô-kâng, tān-sī Tiong-kok léng-tō-jîn jīn-ûi in-ūi tē-iân ê koan-hē, So͘-liân iû-goân sī Tiong-kok siōng tōa ê ui-hia̍p, só͘-í kap Bí-kok kái-siān koan-hē tùi Tiong-kok sī ū hó-khang--ê. Hiān-chāi, Siōng-hái Kong-pò siōng tōa ê ì-gī tiō sī Bí-kok tùi “Chi̍t ê Tiong-kok” ê li̍p-tiûⁿ thâu chi̍t pái chèng-sek piáu-bêng bô ì-gī.

Siōng-hái Kong-pò ê chhiam-sú tì-sú Bí-kun khai-sí lâi thiat-chhut Tâi-oân. Kin-kì Bí-kun Hia̍p-hông Tâi-oân Su-lēng-pō͘ (USTDC) ê chu-liāu, 1970 nî ê sî-chūn Chù-tâi Bí-kun jîn-sò͘ tāi-iok 1 bān lâng, kàu 1974 nî ê sî, chhūn tāi-iok 5800 lâng.

Bí-tiong Kiàn-kau Kong-pò

[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]

Bí-tiong Kiàn-kau Kong-pò (美中建交公報; ing: Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations), chèng-sek miâ-chheng sī Bí-lī-kian Ha̍p-chióng-kok hām Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Kiàn-li̍p Gōa-kau Koan-hē ê Liân-ha̍p Kong-pò. I tī 1979 nî 1 goe̍h chhe-it chèng-sek seng-hāu, soan-pò͘ siang-hong kiàn-li̍p chèng-sek ê tāi-sài-kip gōa-kau koan-hē. Bí-kok tī chit ê kong-pò lāi-té thâu chi̍t kái sêng-jīn (承認; Eng-gí: recognize) “Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Chèng-hú sī Tiong-kok ûi-it ha̍p-hoat ê chèng-hú”; tī chit ê pōe-kéng chi-hā, Bí-kok ē pó-chhî hām Tâi-oân chìn-hêng bûn-hòa, siong-gia̍p téng-téng hui-koaⁿ-hong ê lâi-óng. Koan-î tùi Tiong-kok ê li̍p-tiûⁿ. Bí-kok chèng-hú ū acknowledge tio̍h Tiong-kok ê li̍p-tiûⁿ, tiō sī kóng “Tiong-kok kan-na ū chi̍t ê, Tâi-oân sī Tiong-kok ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn”. “Jīn-ti” chit ê sû tī Eng-bûn-pán sī siá chò “acknowledge”, Tiong-bûn-pán sī hoan-e̍k chò “承認” (sêng-jīn);[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] ū lâng jīn-ûi kóng acknowledge ê ì-sù sī jīn-ti (認知), m̄-koh mā ū ê lâng jīn-ûi ì-sù sī sêng-jīn.[9][10][11][12][13] Chòe-āu siang-hong chài-chhù seng-bêng kóng, in ê kiōng-sek sī hoán-tùi jīm-hô kok-ka tī A-chiu kiàn-li̍p pà-khoân, che sī àm-tiong leh chiam-tùi So͘-liân.

Bí-tiong Kiàn-kau Kong-pò tī Tēng Siáu-pêng hóng-būn Bí-kok ê chêng-àm kong-pò͘, ka-kiông Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok chèng-hú tī kok-chè-siōng ê ha̍p-hoat-sèng, hō͘ i khòaⁿ-chò sī chi̍t kài gōa-kau sèng-lī. M̄-koh tùi iáu-goân kian-chhî ióng-iú choân Tiong-kok chú-khoân ê Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok chèng-hú lâi kóng, sī Liân-ha̍p-kok Tāi-hōe tē 2758 hō Koat-gī chi-āu ê koh chi̍t pái táⁿ-kek.

Pat-it-chhit Kong-pò

[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]

Pat-it-chhit Kong-pò (Hàn-jī: 八一七公報; ing: August 17th communiqué) ê chhiam-sú ji̍t-kî sī 1982 nî 8 goe̍h 17. Kong-pò chài-chhù

seng-bêng siang-hong lóng hi-bāng chìn-chi̍t-pō͘ ka-kiông keng-chè, bûn-hòa, kho-ha̍k kap ki-su̍t liân-hē. Siang-hong koh chài-chhù seng-bêng téng-kái kah Tâi-oân būn-tê ū koan-hē ê piáu-thài. Sui-jiân chiū tùi Tâi kun-siū (對臺軍售) chit kiāⁿ tāi-chì bô tit-tio̍h bêng-khak ê kiat-lūn, m̄-koh Bí-kok soan-pò͘ i ū ē kè-sio̍k bē bú-khì hō͘ Tâi-oân, jî-chhiáⁿ ē chi̍t-pō͘-chi̍t-pō͘ kái-piàn kiong-èng bú-khì ê thêng-tō͘,

1982 nî 7 goe̍h chhe-cha̍p, kok-bū-kheng Lawrence Eagleburger phah tiān-pò hō͘ AIT chú-jīm James R. Lilley kái-sòe kóng, kiám-chió tùi Tâi kun-siū ài khòaⁿ Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok tùi Tâi-hái hô-pêng ê sêng-lo̍k.[14] Āu-lâi, Bí-kok tùi Tâi-oân thê-chhut La̍k hāng Pó-chèng, mā ū póe-hōe Pat-it-chhit Kong-pò.

Ronald Reagan chóng-thóng ê Tùi Tâi kun-siû pī-bōng-lio̍k

Chham-khó bûn-hiàn

[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]
  1. ↑ 中國社會科學季刊 Archived 2023-12-07 at the Wayback Machine.，第38頁，第10-13期，香港社會科學服務中心，中國問題硏究所，1995，"上海公報"和"建交公報"中,美國都用"認知"只有一個中國、臺灣是中國的一部分。在中文翻譯中, "建交公報"中的"認知"被譯為"承認。"
  2. ↑ 學者：美一中政策 不應混淆 Archived 2023-06-17 at the Wayback Machine.，張可衣舊金山17日專電，中央社，2018-11-18，"戈迪溫指出，中國持續在國際間以其「一個中國原則」（One China Principle）混淆美國「一個中國政策」（One China Policy），在「一個中國」的定義上，美國從未「承認」（recognize）台灣是中華人民共和國的一部分。他說，在美中之間的三個公報之中，美國僅「認知」（acknowledge）中國認為只有一個中國且台灣是中國的一部份的立場。戈迪溫強調，美國僅是「認知」，但非「承認」，認知並不表示「承認與接受」，但中國將美國所用的「認知」一詞，中譯為「承認」，並以此混淆視聽。"
  3. ↑ 中國大陸硏究 Archived 2023-12-07 at the Wayback Machine.，第17頁，第44卷，第1-6期，國立政治大學國際關係硏究中心，2001，"一九七八年和美國的建交公報,中共將「認知」翻譯成「承認」"
  4. ↑ 中國時報周刊 Archived 2023-12-07 at the Wayback Machine.，第11頁，China Times Incorporated，1995，"「建交公報」裡中共把「認知」( acknowledge )一個中國,台灣是中國的一部分譯作「承認」"
  5. ↑ 新新聞 Archived 2023-12-07 at the Wayback Machine.，第1099-1106期，第37頁，Xin xin wen zhou kan za zhi she，2008，"美國在台灣問題上未曾放棄或改變過使用「認知」,中共對此也心知肚明,祇是在中文上就是硬要把acknowledge翻譯成「承認」"
  6. ↑ 總統府公報 Archived 2023-12-07 at the Wayback Machine.，第6438-6469期，China. Zong tong fu，總統府第5局公報室，2002，"中共將美國「承認」（recognize）中共政權與「認知」（acknowledge）只有一個中國都中譯成『承認』二字,這是相當狡詰（tricky）的事。"
  7. ↑ 從華府看臺北 Archived 2023-12-07 at the Wayback Machine.，第322頁，施克敏，正中書局，1993，"中共方面把(acknowledge)自譯為「承認」,那要不是英文程度有問題,就是蓄意曲解,以從中取利。"
  8. ↑ 中共對台政策之硏究 Archived 2023-12-07 at the Wayback Machine.，第72頁，King C. Chen，五南圖書出版公司，1990，"儘管中共將「認知」譯為「承認」,這是中共故意曲解並錯譯,美國的態度,十餘年如一日,從未更改。這個對「主權」看法不同的問題,關係重大"
  9. ↑ What Is the U.S. “One China” Policy, and Why Does it Matter? Archived 2023-06-14 at the Wayback Machine., Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2017-01-13, "The United States did not, however, give in to Chinese demands that it recognize Chinese sovereignty over Taiwan......Instead, Washington acknowledged the Chinese position that Taiwan was part of China. For geopolitical reasons, both the United States and the PRC were willing to go forward with diplomatic recognition despite their differences on this matter. When China attempted to change the Chinese text from the original acknowledge to recognize, Deputy Secretary of State Warren Christopher told a Senate hearing questioner, “[W]e regard the English text as being the binding text. We regard the word ‘acknowledge’ as being the word that is determinative for the U.S.” In the August 17, 1982, U.S.-China Communique, the United States went one step further, stating that it had no intention of pursuing a policy of “two Chinas” or “one China, one Taiwan.”To this day, the U.S. “one China” position stands: the United States recognizes the PRC as the sole legal government of China but only acknowledges the Chinese position that Taiwan is part of China."
  10. ↑ Taiwan Communique and Separation of Powers: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Separation of Powers of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Ninety-seventh Congress, Second Session, on Taiwan Communique and Separation of Powers Archived 2020-08-01 at the Wayback Machine.，第31頁，United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Separation of Powers，1983，"The position of the United States is eminently clear. The official position has been that the United States "recognizes the People's Republic of China as the sole legal government of China. " It has also "acknowledged the Chinese position that Taiwan is a part of China, but the United States has not itself agreed to this position."
  11. ↑ Taiwan: Issues for Congress Archived 2022-04-01 at the Wayback Machine.，第9頁，Congressional Research Service，2017-10-30，"“By only acknowledging ‘the Chinese position,’ the United States did not adopt [it] as its own.” See also remarks by former State Department Office of Republic of China Affairs Director Harvey Feldman: “In fact, officially, the U.S. has never ‘accepted’ the PRC view; we have only ‘acknowledged’ it.”"
  12. ↑ 臺灣大百科全書─中美建交公報 Archived 2023-06-04 at the Wayback Machine.，周俊宇，文化部，2009-09-09，"「中美建交公報」，全稱為「中華人民共和國和美利堅合眾國關於建立外交關係的聯合公報」…美國「認知」（acknowledge）中華人民共和國主張「世界上只有一個中國，台灣是中國的一部份」的立場。"
  13. ↑ Tiong-kok chhut-sin ê kok-chè koan-hē ha̍k-chiá Ong Hō siá bûn-chiang hun-sek, kóng Bí-kok “It Tiong Chèng-chhek” kah Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok “It Tiong Goân-chek” ê chha-ī; Bí-kok iōng cheng-khak ê Eng-bûn, ū hoat-lu̍t kah chèng-tī ê chhim-ì, “acknowledge” sī “jīn-ti kah liáu-kái” ê ì-sù, Bí-kok kan-na jīn-ti Tiong-kok ê li̍p-tiûⁿ, bô thê-chhut ī-gī, tān-sī bô piáu-sī kóng “sêng-jīn kah chiap-siū”; Pak-kiaⁿ chèng-hú kā 1972 nî Siōng-hái Kong-pò Eng-gí-pán lāi-té ê “acknowledge” hoan-e̍k-chò “jīn-sek-tio̍h” (認識着), tān-sī kàu 1979 nî Kiàn-kau Kong-pò kah 1982 nî Pat-it-chhit Kong-pò kā kāng-khoán ê “acknowledge” hoan-e̍k chò “sêng-jīn” (承認).汪浩 (2017-07-30). "美國的「一個中國」政策，和中共的「一個中國」原則差別在哪裡？". the News Lens關鍵評論. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2021-07-25. 2023-06-17 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  14. ↑ "Declassified Cables: Taiwan Arms Sales & Six Assurances (1982)". American Institute in Taiwan. 10 January 2021 khòaⁿ--ê. 
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