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Tâi-oân hong-im hû-hō

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Tâi-gí Hong-im Hû-hō
Ēng taî-gí hong-im hû-hō siá--ê "pah-kho-choân-su"
Script type (Piau tī Hàn-jī piⁿ--á)
Creator Chu Tiāu-siôngTaî-oân-séng Kok-gí Thui-hêng Úi-oân-hōe
Time period
1946 nî kaù-taⁿ
Su-siá hong-hiòng Iù tò-pîng kàu tsìng-pîng
Languages Tâi-gíKheh-gí
Related scripts
Parent systems
Hàn-jī
ISO 15924
ISO 15924 Bopo, , ​Bopomofo
Unicode
Unicode alias
Bopomofo
U+3100–U+312F
U+31A0–U+31BF
_BLANK_
 Tsit phian bûn-tsiunn pau-kuat kok-tsè im-piau (IPA) lāi-té ê gú-im tsuân-siá im-piau. Iú-kuan IPA hû-hō ê kài-siāu-sìng tsí-lâm, tshiánn tsham-ua̽t Pang-tsān: [ ], / / hām ⟨ ⟩ tsi-kan ê khu-piat, tshiánn tsham-ua̽t IPA § kuà-hō hām tsuân-lio̽k hun-keh-hû.
臺灣方音符號
Hàn-jī 方音符號
Pe̍h-ōe-jī Hong-im Hû-hō
Tâi-lô Hong-im Hû-hō
Bbánpìng Hōngyīm Húhô
Taî-gí hong-im hû-hō ê su-siá hoān-lē, ùi téng-koân khai-sí sī: Taî-lô, Hàn-jī, Taî-gí hong-im hû-hō (ē-kha hit tiám piáu-sī tha̍k pún-tiāu)
臺語方音符號的直書範例(左下方小點表示發音保持本調)

Hong-im hû-hō (ㄏㆲ ㄧㆬ ㄏㄨˊ ㄏㄜ˫, Hàn-jī: 方音符號, Kheh-gí Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Fông-yîm Fù-ho, Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols(TPS)), Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ koaⁿ-hong kā hō-chò "hong-im hû-hō hē-thońg", bîn-kan koh kā kiò-chò Taî-gí chù-im, sī chi̍t thò khe̍h laî piau-sī Tâi-gí kah Kheh-gí ê piau-im hû-hō. Chú-iàu sī í chù-im hû-hō chò ki-chhó͘, koh ke chi̍t-kóa hû-hō lâi piáu-sī hôa-gí lāi-té bô ê im.

Hong-im hû-hō hē-thońg, tī it kiú sù lio̍k nî iû Tâi-oân-séng Kok-gí Thui-hêng Úi-oân-hōe hong-giân-cho͘ ê Ho̍h-ló-lan̂g Chu Tiāu-siông kàu-siū siat-kè[1], Bat-tī tâi-oân końg-pò tiān-tâi ū kàu-ha̍k chiat-bo̍k, mā tī kok-gí-ji̍t-pò liân chài, í ē-mn̂g im chò phiau-chún, m̄-koh āu-lâi in-ūi thui-hêng kok-gí ūn-ton̄g tio̍h khah chió lan̂g teh ēng--ah, Chu kàu-siū mā cháu-khì Sin-ka-pho[2][3].

Tâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k Tiong-bûn-hē thè-hiu kàu-siū Ngô͘ Siú-lé siá--ê kok-tâi tùi-chiàu oa̍h-iōng sû-tián kah hiong-thó͘ bûn-ha̍k chok-ka Iôⁿ Chheng-chhiok siá--ê tâi-hôa siang-gí sû-tián lońg chhái-ēng chù-im, 1998 nî Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ mā kong-kò sú-iōng tâi-gí chù-im.[4]2006 nî 10 goe̍h 14 hō, Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ kong-pò͘ Tâi-oân Bân-lâm-gí Lô-má-jī Pheng-im Hong-àn, koaⁿ-hong choán-khì thui-hêng Lô-má-jī[5], the-chhut koaⁿ-hong sû-tián Tâi-oân Bân-lâm-gí Siông-iōng-sû Sû-tián[6], pēng-chhiáⁿ chiâⁿ-chò kàu-io̍k-kài ê chú-liû; chù-im tio̍h in-ūi khah chió lan̂g iōng, chi-oān ê jī-thé mā khah chió[7], jî-chhiáⁿ pian-bé mā bô chù-im chit-khoán siāng-hā pâi-lia̍t ê hêng-sek, bô-hoat-tō͘ tián-hiān i ê oa̍t-tho̍k iu-sè. Sú-iōng-lu̍t mā in-ūi le̍k-sú khah té, bûn-hiàn sioⁿ chió, só͘-í pí Lô-má-jī kē, m̄-koh kīn-nî í-lâi mā ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á cheng-ka, chhiōⁿ ban̄g-lō͘ Tâi-gí sû-tián Bêng-tián tio̍h ū iōng chù-im piau tī hàn-jī piⁿ-á.

Tī hong-im hû-hō siat-kè chìn-chêng, Kok-bîn Chèng-hú tio̍h in-ūi hàn-gí-cho̍k ē-kha kok-chióng hàn-gí ê chù-im su-kiû, bat chhut-pán kòe Chù-im Hû-hō Chońg-piáu. Chit-ê piáu sī gí-giân ha̍k-ka Tiō Goân-jīm tam-jīm chú-phian, í chù-im hû-hō chò ki-chhó͘ khì siu-kái, cheng-ka 40 ê hû-hō, hō-chò "jūn-im hû-hō", iōng-lâi thè kok-chióng hàn-gí chù-im. M̄-koh to-sò͘ hong-im-hû-hō lońg lēng-gōa siat-kè, kan-na chió-chió kúi-nā ê hong-im hû-hō kah jūn-im hû-hō sio-kan̂g, chhiōⁿ ", , " chit saⁿ ê lô-im siaⁿ-bú. Hong-im hû-hō ê ūn-bú siat-kè, ki-pún-siōng lońg kah jūn-im hû-hō bô-kan̂g.

2009 nî 11 goe̍h, Liân-kang-koān chèng-hú pan-pò͘ Bân-tang-ōe chù-im hû-hō. Tâi-oân hong-im-hû-hō ê jī-hêng tī tiān-náu su-ji̍p hong-bīn, tû-liáu hiān-iú ê kok-chióng Bân-lâm-gí su-ji̍p-hoat í-gōa, bo̍k-chêng mā ū ē-sái tī chhiú-ki-á téng-koân su-ji̍p ê APP, chhiōⁿ "tâi-gí khí-pò͘".[8]

Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ kong-pò͘ ê Tâi-gí thong-hêng-khioⁿ lāi-té, chońg-kiōng sú-iōng 49 ê hû-hō, kî-tiong 26 ê sī tùi kok-gí chù-im hû-hō lâi--ê, lēng-gōa koh chhoǹg-chō 23 ê sin hû-hō lâi piau-sī tâi-oân ê gí-giân.

Siaⁿ-bó (21)
[p] [b] [pʰ] [m] [t] [tʰ] [n] [l] [k] [g] [kʰ] [ŋ] [h] [t͡ɕ] [d͡ʑ] [t͡ɕʰ] [ɕ] [t͡s] [d͡z] [t͡sʰ] [s]
Ūn-bó (24)
[a] [ã] [ɔ] [ɔ̃] [o] [e] [ẽ] [ai] [ãĩ] [au] [ãũ] [am] [ɔm] [m̩] [an] [n] [aŋ] [ɔŋ] [əŋ] [ŋ̍] [i] [ĩ] [u] [ũ]
  • Iōng nâ-jī ê sī kok-gí bô leh sú-iōng ê hû-hō, iōng an̂g-jī ê sī hoat-im kah kok-gí bô siáⁿ kan̂g ê hû-hō.
  • Tâi-gí ū sì chióng ji̍p-siaⁿ ūn-bóe, ēng sió-bé ê "ㄅ [p̚], ㄉ [t̚], ㄍ [k̚], ㄏ [ʔ]" piáu-sī.
  • Tī pō͘-hūn khioⁿ-kháu lāi-té ē sú-iōng "ㄬ [ɲ], ㄜ [ə], ㄝ [ɛ], ㆨ [ɨ]" téng hû-hō chò piau-im.

Hong-im Hû-hō Hē-thońg

[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]
  • Í-hā sūn-sū, hoān-lē í 1998 nî Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ kong-kò ê bûn-kiāⁿArchived 2018-07-22 at the Wayback Machine. chò piau-chún, piau-im í Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ Tâi-oân Bân-lâm-gí Siông-iōng Sû-tián lāi-té tē-it iu-sè khioⁿ ê hoat-im ūi-chú (nā m̄-sī tē-it iu-sè-khioⁿ ē lēng-gōa phiau-sī). Pō͘-hūn soat-bêng sī lâi-chū Ngô͘ Siú-lé kàu-siū ê kài-siāu.

Hû-hō kah Hoat-im

[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]
Chù-im Tô͘ IPA POJ Tâi-lô Hoān-lē
p p 邊(ㄅㆪ pinn)、布(ㄅㆦ˪ pòo)
ph 皮(ㄆㄨㆤˊ phuê)、配(ㄆㄨㆤ˪ phuè)
m m 棉(ㄇㄧˊ mî)、麵(ㄇㄧ˫ mī)
b[lower-alpha 1] b 文(ㆠㄨㄣˊ bûn)、木(ㆠㄚㄍ̇ ba̍k)
t t 大(ㄉㄨㄚ˫ tuā)、肚(ㄉㆦ˫ tōo)
th 透(ㄊㄠ˪ thàu)、天(ㄊㆪ thinn)
n n 年(ㄋㄧˊ nî)、娘(ㄋㄧㄚˊ niâ)
l[lower-alpha 2] l 來(ㄌㄞˊ lâi)、禮(ㄌㆤˋ lé)
t͡s ch ts 船(ㄗㄨㄣˊ tsûn)、早(ㄗㄚˋ tsá)
t͡ɕ chi tsi 錢(ㄐㆪˊ tsînn)、前(ㄐㄧㄥˊ tsîng)
t͡sʰ chh tsh 醋(ㄘㆦ˪ tshòo)、草(ㄘㄠˋ tsháu)
t͡ɕʰ chhi tshi 千(ㄑㄧㄥ tshing)、七(ㄑㄧ tshit)
s s 蘇(ㄙㆦ soo)、洗(ㄙㆤˋ sé)
ɕ si 消(ㄒㄧㄠ siau)、先(ㄒㄧㄥ sing)
d͡z / z[lower-alpha 3] j 熱(ㆡㄨㄚㄏ̇ jua̍h)、軟(ㆡㄨㄢˋ juán, bûn-im[lower-alpha 4]
d͡ʑ / ʑ[lower-alpha 3] ji 日(ㆢㄧㄉ̇ ji̍t)、二 (ㆢㄧ˫ jī)
k k 歌(ㄍㄨㄚ kua)、光(ㄍㆭ kng)
kh 苦(ㄎㆦˋ khóo)、考(ㄎㄜˋ khó)
ŋ ng 吳(ㄫㆦˊ ngôo)、硬(ㄫㆤ˫ ngē)
g[lower-alpha 5] g 義(ㆣㄧ˫ gī)、鵝(ㆣㄜˊ gô)
h h 喜(ㄏㄧˋ hí)、花(ㄏㄨㆤ hue)

Kài-bú kah Ūn-bú

[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]
  • Chhim-sek pōe-kéng piáu-sī sī te̍k-pia̍t khioⁿ-kháu leh iōng--ê, iu-sè-khioⁿ bô leh iōng.
Chù-im Tô͘ IPA POJ Tâi-lô Soat-bêng Hoān-lē
a a "ㄧㄚ" tû-liáu [iat̚] í-gōa, mā ū lan̂g kā liām-chò [iɛt̚] iah-sī [ɛt̚]. [12] 阿(ㄚ a)、設(ㄒㄧㄚ siat)
e e 啞(ㆤˋ é)、矮(ㆤˋ é)
i i "ㄧ" ū bô-kan̂g ê liām-hoat, pau-koat[iɪk̚], [iək̚]. 椅(ㄧˋ í)、色(ㄒㄧ sik)
ɔ oo 苦(ㄎㆦˋ khóo)、福(ㄏㆦ hok)
o o In-ūi tē-it iu-sè-khioⁿ (hūn-pò͘ tī lâm-pō͘) kā chit im liām-chò [ə](Tâi-lô: or),
āu--lâi tio̍h ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á kái-chò iōng ㄜ lâi piáu-sī [ə], ㄛ tio̍h choan-bûn iōng tī kā i liām-chò [o] ê khioⁿ-kháu.
好(ㄏㄛˋ hó)、寶(ㄅㄛˋ pó)
u o[lower-alpha 6] / u u 武(ㆠㄨˋ bú)、熨(ㄨ ut)
ɛ ee Pō͘-hūn khah-óa Chiang-khioⁿ ê khioⁿ-kháu iáu-ū [ɛ] chit im, bô ha̍p-pèng--ji̍p-khì ㆤ lāi-té. 家(ㄍㄝ kee, Lāi-po͘-khioⁿ)、錫(ㄙㄝ sek, Lāi-po͘-khioⁿ)
ə er Pō͘-hūn khah óa Choân-khioⁿ ê khioⁿ-kháu [ə] bô ha̍p-pèng--ji̍p-khì ㆤ lāi-té, ēng ㄜ piáu-sī.[1] 火(ㄏㄜˋ hér, Hái-kháu-khioⁿ)、雞(ㄍㄜㆤ kere, Hái-kháu-khioⁿ)
o o / or Tē-it iu-sè-khioⁿ (hūn-pò͘ tī lâm-pō͘) kā /o/ liām-chò [ə] (nā beh khu-hun ê sî-chūn ē kā siá-chò or), āu--lâi ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á tio̍h kái chò-iōng ㄜ lâi piáu-sī。 好(ㄏㄜˋ hó)、寶(ㄅㄜˋ pó)
ɨ ir Pō͘-hūn khah-óa Choân-khioⁿ ê khioⁿ-kháu ū Choân-chiu te̍k-iú ê [ɨ], bô ha̍p-pèng--ji̍p-khì /i/ he̍k-chiá /u/, tio̍h ēng ㆨ piáu-sī. 豬(ㄉㆨ tir, Hái-kháu-khioⁿ)、銀(ㆣㆨㄣˊ gîrn, Hái-kháu-khioⁿ)
ai ai 愛(ㄞ˪ ài)、乖(ㄍㄨㄞ kuai)
au au 歐(ㄠ au)、跳(ㄊㄧㄠ˪ thiàu)
ã aⁿ ann 衫(ㄙㆩ sann)、山(ㄙㄨㆩ suann)[lower-alpha 7]
eⁿ enn 嬰(ㆥ enn)、病(ㄅㆥ˫ pēnn)
ĩ iⁿ inn 天(ㄊㆪ thinn)、院(ㆪ˫ īnn)
ɔ̃ oⁿ onn 好(ㄏㆧ˪ hònn, bûn-im)、否(ㄏㆧˋ hónn)[lower-alpha 8]
ũ uⁿ unn Kan-na iōng tīㄧㆫ /ĩũ/. 鴦(ㄧㆫ iunn)、張(ㄉㄧㆫ tiunn)
m 姆(ㆬˋ ḿ)、音(ㄧㆬ im)
ŋ̍ ng 黃(ㆭˊ n̂g)、秧(ㆭ ng)
ãĩ aiⁿ ainn 閒(ㆮˊ âinn, Tan̂g-oaⁿ-khioⁿ)[lower-alpha 9]、歹(ㄆㆮˋ pháinn)
ãũ auⁿ aunn Hán-tit ēng 喓(ㄧㆯ iaunn)[lower-alpha 10]
am am 暗(ㆰ˪ àm)、甘(ㄍㆰ kam)
an an 「ㄧㄢ」除了[ian]以外,嘛有[iɛn]或者[ɛn]兮唸法。[12] 限(ㄢ˫ ān)、煙(ㄧㄢ ian)
ang 港(ㄍㄤˋ káng)、項(ㄏㄤ˫ hāng)
ɔm om Hán-tit ēng 參(ㄙㆱ som, Lāi-po͘-khioⁿ)、掩(ㆱ om)
ɔŋ ong 王(ㆲˊ ông)、勇(ㄧㆲˋ ióng)
n -n Kan-na iōng tī ㄧㄣ, ㄨㄣ kah ㆨㄣ. 因(ㄧㄣ in)、溫(ㄨㄣ un)、恩(ㆨㄣ irn, Hái-kháu-khioⁿ)
əŋ -ng Kan-na iōng tī ㄧㄥ [iəŋ]。 永(ㄧㄥˋ íng)、兵(ㄅㄧㄥ ping)

Cho͘-ha̍p ūn-bú

[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]
Kài-im Bô ji̍p-siaⁿ ūn-bóe Ji̍p-siaⁿ
Iōng tan-it hû-hō piáu-sī



















(ㆪ)











































(ㆫ)
(ㄜ)









































  • Ji̍p-siaⁿ ūn-bóe èng-kai ài sī "ㆴ(), ㆵ(), ㆻ (), ㆷ()". Kū--ê Unicode in-ūi jîn-ûi chhò-gō͘, kā "" siu-lio̍k chò "ㆶ()", che m̄-sī chèng-khak ê siá-hoat. Unicode 13.0 í-keng kā "ㆻ ()" pó͘ chiōⁿ-khì ah.


In-ūi Tâi-gí iu-sè-khioⁿ lāi-té ê iôⁿ-siōng-tiāu í-keng pèng-ji̍p-khì iông-khì tiāu, só͘-í hong-im hû-hō tio̍h bô kā siat-kè i ê hû-hō. Tâi-gí iông-ji̍p ê pún-tiāu, kàu-taⁿ iáu-ū chiok tōa--ê bô-kan̂g.

Siaⁿ-tiāu 1 2 3 4 5 7 8
im-piânn im-siōng im-khì im-ji̍p iông-piânn iông-khì iông-ji̍p
Hû-hō ˋ ˪ ㆴ、ㆵ、ㆻ、ㆷ ˊ ˫ ㆴ̇、ㆵ̇、ㆻ̇、ㆷ̇
Pún-tiāu tiâu-ti̍t ˦ ˥˧ ˨˩ ˧˨ ˨˦ ˧ ˧ ˦ ˥˧
44 53 21 32 24 33 3 4 53
Hoān-lē ㄉㆲ(東) ㄉㆲˋ(黨) ㄉㆲ˪(棟) ㄉㆦㆻ(督) ㄉㆲˊ(同) ㄉㆲ˫(洞) ㄉㆦㆻ̇ (毒)
Choân-pō͘ ê kho-ha̍k lońg chí put-kò sī kā pêng-siông-sî só͘ su-khó--ê koh-chài thê-liān ── Ài-in-su-thán [lower-alpha 11]
ㄗㄨㄢㄅㆦ˫ ㆤㄎㄜㄏㄚㄌㆲㄐㄧㄅㄨ ㄍㄜ˪ㄒㄧ˫ㄍㄚ˫ㄅㄧㄥㄒㄧㆲㄒㄧㄙㆦㄙㄨㄎㄜ ㆤㄍㄜ ㄗㄞ˪ㄊㆤㄌㄧㄢ˫ ──  ㄞ˪ ㄧㄣㄙㄨㄊㄢ [lower-alpha 12]
Hàn-jī, chù-im, hong-im saⁿ ê khǹg chò-hóe
Chhun-hiáu  Bēng hō-jiân ㄘㄨㄣ ㄏㄧㄠˋ  ㆠㄧㄥ˫ ㄏㄜ˫ ㆢㄧㄢˊ
Chhun-biân put kak hiáu, ㄘㄨㄣ ㆠㄧㄢˊ ㄅㄨㆵ ㄍㄚㆻ ㄏㄧㄠˋ,
chhù-chhù bûn thî-niáu. ㄘㄨ˪ ㄘㄨ˪ ㆠㄨㄣˊ ㄊㄧˊ ㄋㄧㄠˋ。
Iā lâi hong-ú seng, ㄧㄚ˫ ㄌㄞˊ ㄏㆲ ㄨˋ ㄒㄧㄥ,
hoa lok ti to-siáu? ㄏㄨㄚ ㄌㆦㆻ ㄉㄧ ㄉㄜ ㄒㄧㄠˋ?

(Hàn-jī: 春眠不覺曉,處處聞啼鳥。夜來風雨聲,花落知多少?)

Liân-ha̍p-kok Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân

[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]
Liân-ha̍p-kok Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân ㄌㄧㄢˊㄏㄚㆴ̇ㄍㆦㆻㄙㆤᒻㄍㄞᒻ ㆢㄧㄣˊㄎㄨㄢˊ ㄙㄨㄢㆣㄧㄢˊ
Tē it tiâu ㄉㆤ⊦ ㄧㆵ ㄉㄧㄠˊ
Lán-lâng seⁿ lâi chū-iû, ㄌㄢˋ ㄌㄤˊ ㄙㆥ ㄌㄞˊ ㄗㄨ⊦ ㄧㄨˊ,
Tī chun-giâm kah khoân-lī siōng it-lu̍t pêng-téng, ㄉㄧ˫ ㄗㄨㄣ ㆣㄧㆰˊ ㄍㄚㆷ ㄎㄨㄢˊ ㄌㄧ⊦ ㄒㄧㆲ˫ ㄧㆵㄌㄨㆵ̇ ㄅㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄧㄥˋ,
Lán-lan̂g ū lí-sèng kah liông-sim, ㄌㄢˋ ㄌㄤˊ ㄨ⊦ ㄌㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄥᒻ ㄍㄚㆷ ㄌㄧㆲˊ ㄒㄧㆬ,
Jî-chhiáⁿ èng-kai í hiaⁿ-tī koan-hē ê cheng-sîn ㆢㄧˊ ㄑㄧㆩˋ ㄧㄥˋ ㄍㄞ ㄧˋ ㄏㄧㆩ ㄉㄧ⊦ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄏㆤ⊦ ㆤˊ ㄐㄧㄥ ㄒㄧㄣˊ
Lâi hō͘-siong tùi-thāi. ㄌㄞˊ ㄏㆦ⊦ ㄒㄧㆲ ㄉㄨㄧᒻ ㄊㄞ⊦。

Han̂g-hái-ka 1 hō Bân-lâm-gí a̋i-sat-chuh

[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]
航海家金唱片閩南語問候語。
Bân-lâm-gí gí-im lāi-iông tùi-chiàu Hong-im hû-hō
Thài-khong pêng-iú, lín hó! ㄊㄞᒻ ㄎㆲ ㄅㄧㄥˊ ㄧㄨˋ,ㄌㄧㄣˋ ㄏㄜˋ!
Lín chia̍h-pá bē? ㄌㄧㄣˋ ㄐㄧㄚㆷ̇ ㄅㄚˋ ㆠㆤ⊦?
Ū-êng, tō lâi gún chia chē oh. ㄨ⊦ ㄧㄥˊ,ㄉㄜ⊦ ㄌㄞˊ ㆣㄨㄣˋ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄗㆤ⊦ ㄛㆷ。

  1. Mā ū lan̂g jīn-ûi sī ū phīⁿ-im ê //。
  2. Pō͘-hūn ha̍k-chiá jīn-ûi liú-siaⁿ-bó hoat-im m̄-sī Khí-gûn pian kīn-im(/l/), khah óa cho̍k khí-gûn sat-im(/d/)he̍k-chiá khí-gûn siám-im(/ɾ/)。[1][9][10]
  3. 3.0 3.1 "ㆡ" kah "ㆢ" tī Choân-chiu khioⁿ sī [d͡z] kah [d͡ʑ], tī Chiang-chiu khioⁿ sī[z] kah [ʑ]。
  4. 1998 Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ kong-pò͘ ê hong-im hû-hō khe̍h chit-jī chò hoān-lē, tān-sī chit-má ê Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ Sû-tián í-keng kái-chò loán (ㄌㄨㄢˋ).[11], m̄-koh chi̍t-kóa chá-kî ê sû-tián (chhiōⁿ 1913 nî chhut-pán ê Kam Jī-tián, iáu-sī pio joán (ㆡㄨㄢˋ), j (ㆡ / ㆢ) piàn-sêng l (ㄌ) sī tâi-gí lāi-té chiok chia̍p khòaⁿ ê hiān-siōng.
  5. Mā ū lan̂g jīn-ûi i sī phīⁿ-im hòa ê //。
  6. Pe̍h-ōe-jī tī "ㄨ" āu-piah chiap "ㄚ, ㆤ" ê sî, siá-chò oa, oe, chiōⁿ "ㄨㄞ" siá-chò oai. Kî-tha tio̍h iōng u.
  7. 1998 nî Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ kong-pò͘ ê hong-im hû-hō hoān-lē sī "籃", tān-sī bo̍k-chêng ê Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ Sû-tián í-keng kái-chò nâ[13], só͘-í ōaⁿ chi̍t jī.
  8. 1998 nî Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ kong-pò͘ ê hong-im hû-hō hoān-lē sī "午", tān-sī bo̍k-chêng ê Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ Sû-tián í-keng kái-chò ngóo[14], só͘-í ōaⁿ chi̍t jī.
  9. 1998 nî Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ kong-pò͘ ê hong-im hû-hō bûn-kiāⁿ lē-jī tio̍h sī iōng chit ê hán-tit thiaⁿ-tio̍h ê khioⁿ-kháu, bo̍k-chêng ê Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ Sû-tián bô chit im, tī Tâi-Ji̍t Tōa Sû-tián lāi-té ū.
  10. 1998 nî kàu-io̍k-pō͘ kong-pò͘ ê hong-im hû-hō bûn-kiāⁿ lē-jī sī "藕", tān-sī bo̍k-chêng ê kàu-io̍k-pō͘ jī-tián í-keng kái-siá chò ngāu[15], só͘-í tio̍h ōaⁿ-jī; Kàu-io̍k-pō͘ jī-tián kan-na "喓" ū auⁿ ê im.
  11. Goân-bûn: “The whole of science is nothing more than a refinement of everyday thinking.” — Albert Einstein, Out of My Later Years (1950)
  12. ㄗㄨㄢㄅㆦ˫ ㆤ ㄎㄜㄏㄚ ㄌㆲ ㄐㄧㄅㄨ ㄍㄜ˪ ㄒㄧ˫ ㄍㄚ˫ ㄅㄧㄥㄒㄧㆲㄒㄧ ㄙㆦㄙㄨㄎㄜ ㆤ ㄍㄜ ㄗㄞ˪ ㄊㆤㄌㄧㄢ˫ 。(以空白分詞,並顯示陰平調符)

Chham-khó Chu-liāu

[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]
  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 吳守禮. "華、台語注音符號溯源" (PDF). 台語天地. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 2022-03-17 hőng khó͘-pih. 
  2. 台灣方音符號序 http://olddoc.tmu.edu.tw/chiaushin/chu-1.htm Archived 2017-05-03 at the Wayback Machine.
  3. "百年來的閩南系臺灣話研究回顧". goân-loē-iông tī 2009-06-25 hőng khó͘-pih. 
  4. 台(87)語字第八七〇〇〇五七七號公告,《方音符號系統 Archived 2018-07-22 at the Wayback Machine.》,中華民國教育部,1998年1月12日
  5. 台語字第0950151609號公告,《臺灣閩南語羅馬字拼音方案 Archived 2011-07-28 at the Wayback Machine.》,中華民國教育部,2006年10月14日
  6. "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2013-06-21. 2024-07-29 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  7. 洪惟仁. "閩南語書寫法的發展" (PDF). 第七屆臺灣語言及其教學國際學術研討會. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 2012-09-16 hőng khó͘-pih. 2020-04-20 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  8. "台語齒佈(Chuehfu Tech) App",Google Play, retrieved on 28 June, 2021.
  9. 董同龢,記台灣的一種閩南語,中研院史語所,1967.06
  10. 鄭良偉,台語語音規律大綱及語例,1996
  11. "教育部閩南語常用辭典-軟". goân-loē-iông tī 2019-11-30 hőng khó͘-pih. 2016-03-13 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  12. 12.0 12.1 "教育部閩南語常用辭典-音檔說明". goân-loē-iông tī 2019-11-29 hőng khó͘-pih. 2016-03-13 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  13. "教育部閩南語常用辭典-籃". goân-loē-iông tī 2019-11-29 hőng khó͘-pih. 2016-03-13 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  14. "教育部閩南語常用辭典-午". goân-loē-iông tī 2020-08-13 hőng khó͘-pih. 2016-03-13 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  15. "教育部閩南語常用辭典-藕". goân-loē-iông tī 2019-11-29 hőng khó͘-pih. 2016-03-13 khòaⁿ--ê. 

Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat

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