Dz (jī-ha̍p jī-bió)
| Dz (jī-ha̍p jī-bió) | |
|---|---|
| Dz dz | |
| Sú-iōng huat | |
| Su-siá hē-thóng | Lating jī-bió |
| Luī-hîng | Jī-bó |
| Gú-im sú-iōng | It-puann piáu-sī to̍k khí-gûn sik-tshat im /d͡z/, tshing khí-gûn sik-tshat im /t͡s/, hi̍k-tsiá to̍k khí-gûn tshat-im /z/. |
| Unicode bé-uī |
Dz (U+01F2); |
| Li̍k-sú | |
| Huat-tén |
|
| Kî-thañ | |
Dz (jī-ha̍p jī-bió) (ing-gú: Dz (digraph); dz), sī tsi̍t-ê Lating jī-bió ê jī-ha̍p jī-bió, iû hú-im ⟨D⟩ hām ⟨Z⟩ nn̄g-ê jī-bió sóo tsoo-sîng ê. ⟨Dz⟩ ē-tàng piáu-sī IPA gú-im /d͡z/, /t͡s/, hi̍k-tsiá /z/, tse lóng-ài iû sóo sú-iōng ê gú-giân lâi kuat-tīng.
Im-ti̍k piáu-sī[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]
Thong-siông piáu-sī ê im-ti̍k sī to̍k khí-gûn sik-tshat im /d͡z/, tshing khí-gûn sik-tshat im /t͡s/, hi̍k-tsiá to̍k khí-gûn tshat-im /z/.
Kok-tsióng gú-giân ê sú-iōng[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]
⟨Dz⟩ thong-siông tāi-piáu lating jī-bió tang-tiong ê /d͡z/; pau-kuat Hungarian, Kashubian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Polish, Slovak, hām lating-huà ê Macedonian. M̄-kuh, teh Dene Suline (Chipewyan) hām Kńg-tang gú ê phing-im tang-tiong, ⟨dz⟩ tāi-piáu /t͡s/, khak teh Ua̍t-lâm gú tang-tiong, ⟨dz⟩ sī jī-bió ⟨D⟩ ê huat-im tiông-phing, tāi-piáu /j/.[1]
Esperanto[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]
Tsi̍t-kuá-á Esperanto gú-huat, ti̍k-pia̍t sī Plena Analiza Gramatiko de Esperanto,[2] jīn-uî ⟨dz⟩ sī lô-sat tshat-im [d͡z] ê jī-ha̍p jī-bió, pí-jû edzo "ang-sài". Tsit-tsióng tsōng-hóng ê lí-iû "siong-tong po̍k-jio̍k".[3] Tuā-to-sòo ê Esperanto ha̍k-ka, pau-kuat Esperanto ê gú-giân ha̍k-ka (Janton,[4] Wells[5]) lóng kī-tsua̍t tsit-tsióng lūn-su̍t.
Hungaria-gú[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]
⟨Dz⟩ sī Hungaria-gú tang-tiong ê tē-7 ê jī-bió. ⟨Dz⟩ hông kiò-tsò dzé (IPA: [d͡zeː]), sī jī-bió tang-tiong ê tsi̍t-ê jī-bió, piáu-sī "to̍k khí-gûn sik-tshat im" (voiced alveolar affricate) ê im-sòo /dz/.
⟨Dz⟩ hām ⟨dzs⟩ teh tē-11 pán Hungaria tsìng-jī huat (1984-nî) tang-tiong hông sik-pia̍t tsò tan jī-bió.[6] Tsāi-tshù tsìn-tsîng, ⟨dz⟩ in hông hun-sik tsò nn̄g-ê jī-bió tsoo-ha̍p ⟨d⟩+⟨z⟩ hām ⟨d⟩+⟨zs⟩。
Tn̂g-tōo[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]
Kap tuā-to-sòo ê Hungaria-gú hú-im kāng-khuán, ⟨dz⟩ ē-tàng liân-im. Tsí-put-kò, kan-na teh jī-kàn tíng-kuân ka-siōng tông-huà jī-bué: -eddze, -lopóddzon ê sî-tsūn, ⟨dz⟩ tsit-e jī-ha̍p jī-bió tsiah ē-tàng teh su-bīn hîng-sik tang-tiong ka-puē ⟨ddz⟩.
Teh kui-ê tan-sû tang-tiong, ⟨dz⟩ sī huat tn̂g-im; pí-jû bodza, madzag, edz, pedz. Teh kî-thann tsi̍t-kuá-á huān-lē tang-tiong, huat-im tsiânn-té; pí-jû dzadzíki, dzéta, Dzerzsinszkij (thong-siông teh jī-sû ê khai-sí), sui-bóng ⟨dz⟩tsóng--sī suà--lo̍h-khì teh līng-guā tsi̍t-ê hú-im ê āu-piah (pí-jû teh brindza tang-tiong).
Teh kui-ê í -dzik kiat-bué (結尾) ê tōng-sû (tāi-iok 50-ê) tang-tiong, ē-tàng kah -zik tsū-iû kau-thè; pí-jû csókolódzik hi̍k-tsiá csókolózik, lopódzik hi̍k-tsiá lopózik. Teh kî-thann tōng-sû tang-tiong, bô piàn-thé: birkózik, mérkőzik (kan-na kah ⟨z⟩ tàu-tīn sú-iōng); m̄-koh leledz, nyáladzikp (kan-na kah ⟨dz⟩ tsò-hué sú-iōng, huat-im sī tn̂g-ê). Teh tsi̍t-kuá-á kî-thann ê tōng-sû tang-tiong, ì-sù iú-sòo put-tông: levelez(ik) "tuì-ìng"; m̄-ku leveledzik "sing-tióng tshiū-hio̍h-á".
Tsíng-lí[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]
Tsit-ê jī-ha̍p jī-bió ê iōng-huat kah Pholân gú hām Slovak gú luī-sū: Sui-jiân ⟨dz⟩ sī-iû ⟨d⟩ hām ⟨z⟩ tsoo-sîng ê jī-ha̍p jī-bió; m̄-ku ⟨dz⟩ hông khuànn-tsò sī tsi̍t-ê jī-bió, sīm-tsì sok-siá sû mā pó-tshî tsit-ê jī-ha̍p jī-bió ê uân-tsíng.
Pholân gú[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]
⟨Dz⟩ it-puann piáu-sī [d͡z]. M̄-koh, teh āu-piah tuè-tio̍h i ê sî-tsūn, dz ē go̍k-huà tsò [d͡ʑ] ê im.
⟨Dz⟩ ê sī-lē[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]
dzwon (tsing (bell))
rodzaj (luī-hîng (kind, type))
Pí-kàu ⟨dz⟩ āu-piah tuè-tio̍h ⟨i⟩:
dziecko (gín-á (child))
dziewczyna (tsa-bóo gín-á (girl), tsa-bóo pîng-iú (girlfriend))
Slovak-gú[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]
Teh Slovak-gú tang-tiong, jī-ha̍p jī-bió ⟨dz⟩ sī Slovak-gú jī-bió tang-tiong tē-9 ê jī-bió. Tài-iú ⟨dz⟩ im-sòo ê tan-sû huān-lē pau-kuat:
medzi = tsi-kan , tsi-tiong hrádza = tsuí-pà, thê-hông Jī-ha̍p jī-bió íng-uán bē-īng-eh hōo liân-jī hû hun-khui:
medzi → me-dzi hrádza → hrá-dza M̄-kuh, teh ⟨d⟩ hām ⟨z⟩ lâi-tsū bô kâng ê gú-sòo ê sî-tsūn, ⟨dz⟩ in hông khuànn-tsò tan-to̍k ê jī-bió; pīng-tshiánn pit-su iōng liân-jī hō hun-keh:
odzemok = bîn-tso̍k bú-tō luī-hîng → od-ze-mok nadzvukový = tshiau im-sok → nad-zvu-ko-vý Teh tsit nn̄g-tsióng tsîng-hóng tsi-hā, od- (lâi-tsū) hām nad- (í-siōng) lóng sī sû-kàn zem (tē-kiû) hām zvuk (siann-im) ê tsiân-tuè.
Ua̍t-lâm gú[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]
⟨Dz⟩ ū-tang-sî-á teh ua̍t-lâm gú ê miâ-jī tang-tiong iōng-tsò jī-bió ⟨D⟩ ê huat-im lâi tiông-sin phing-siá. Kuí-ā ê tiānn-tiānn khuànn-ê Ua̍t-lâm miâ-jī sī-iōng jī-biò ⟨D⟩ lâi khui-thâu, pau-kuat Dũng, Dụng hām Dương. Sui-jiân ⟨D⟩ teh tuā-to-sòo lating jī-bió tang-tiong huat-im uî bóo-tsióng khí-im hi̍k-tsiá gê-tsô sat-im; m̄-ku Ua̍t-lâm jī-bió tang-tiong phok-sòo ê ⟨D⟩ tāi-piáu /z/ (Hanoi gú) hi̍k-tsiá /j/ (Saigon gú) ê im-sòo; put-jî-kò jī-bió ⟨Đ⟩ tāi-piáulô-khí tsô-lāi pok-im /ɗ/ hi̍k-tsiá kin-kì Thompson (1959) ê kóng-huat, siann-mn̂g tsiân lô khí-gîn im (/ʔd/).[7] ⟨Z⟩ pún-sin pīng-hui tsok-uî jī-bió pau-kuat teh Ua̍t-lâm jī-bió tang-tiong.
Lî-tshiánn hiān-tāi Ua̍t-lâm gú ê ⟨D⟩ hām ⟨Gi⟩ kâng-im; m̄-koh teh kuè-khìtiong-kóo Ua̍t-lâm gú hun-pia̍t uî D (/ð/) hām ⟨Gi⟩ (/ʝ/) ê im, sóo-í nn̂g-ê im ê khu-pia̍t teh sû-guân ê bô kâng, hiān-tāi Ua̍t-lâm gú piáu-sī huat /z/ im ê ⟨D⟩, siá-tsò ⟨Dz⟩, tuā-pōo-hūn iōng-teh pak-pōo hong-giân; jî-lâi huat /j/ im ê ⟨D⟩, mā ē-tàng siá-tsò ⟨Y⟩, tuā-pōo-hūn iōng-teh lâm-pōo ê hong-giân.
Tsiânn-tsē Ua̍t-lâm bûn-huà jîn-bu̍t ê jī-sènn, pit-miâ hi̍k-tsiá gē-miâ lóng ài-iōng ⟨Dz⟩, jî m̄ sī iōng ⟨D⟩, tsí-iàu teh kiông-tiāu Hanoi ê huat-im. Pí-jû kua-khik tsok-ka Dzoãn Mẫn, si-jîn Hồ Dzếnh kap tiān-sī tsóng-phòo-sai Nguyễn Dzoãn Cẩm Vân.[8] Kî-thann ê huān-lē pau-kuat Bùi Dzinh hām Trương Đình Dzu。
Ū tsi̍t-kuá-á tuà-teh ing-gú kok-ka ê hái-guā ua̍t-lâm jîn mā kā miâ-jī tang-tiong ê ⟨D⟩ thè-uānn tsò ⟨Dz⟩. Miâ kiò-tsò Dũng ê lâm-sìng khó-lîng ē kā ka-kī ê miâ-jī phing-siá tsò Dzung, í-lâi phiah-bián teh siā-huē khuân-kíng tang-tiong hông kiò-tsò "dung" (sái).[1] Tsit-tsióng iōng-huat ê huān-lē pau-kuat Ua̍t-lâm ì Bí-kok jîn Việt Dzũng hām Dzung Tran. (ū-tang-sî-á, ⟨D⟩ ē hōo ⟨Y⟩ tshú-tāi, í-lâi kiông-tiāu Saigon huat-im, pí-jû Yung Krall.[7])
Unicode[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]
⟨Dz⟩ teh Unicode tang-tiong piáu-sī uī-tio̍h lating khok-tián B khu-tè tang-tiong ê 3-ê tan-to̍k jī-hîng. ⟨Dz⟩ sī hán-kiàn ê jī-hîng tsi it, ⟨Dz⟩ i-ê tuā-siá, piau-tê tuā-sió siá kap sió-siá hîng-sik lóng-ū tan-to̍k ê jī-hîng.
| Tāi-bé | Jī-hîng | 10 tsìn-uī | Biâu-su̍t |
|---|---|---|---|
| U+01F1 | DZ
|
DZ | Lating tuā-siá jī-bió DZ |
| U+01F2 | Dz
|
Dz | Lating tuā-siá jī-bió D kah sió-siá jī-bió Z |
| U+01F3 | dz
|
dz | Lating sió-siá jī-bió DZ |
Tan jī-guân pán-pún tsú-iàu teh kah tsi-uān Macedonia lating-huà hām Yugoslav pian-bé sio-iông, kî-tiong tsit-ê jī-ha̍p jī-bió tuì-ìng kiril jī-bió ⟨S⟩.
Piàn-thé jī-bió[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]
⟨Dz⟩ jī-ha̍p jī-bió ê kî-thann piàn-thé mā iōng Unicode lâi pian-bé.
- U+01C5 Dž LATING TUĀ-SIÁ JĪ-BIÓ D KAP SIÓ-SIÁ JĪ-BIÓ Z KA-SIŌNG IK-IÔNG HÛ teh Croatia, Bosnia, kap Slovak jī-bió tang-tiong iōng-tsò to̍k-li̍p ê jī-bió U+01C5 (Dž).
- U+01C4 DŽ LATING TUĀ-SIÁ JĪ-BIÓ DZ TÀI IK-IÔNG HÛ sī U+01C5 (Dž) ê tuā-siá hîng-sik.
- U+01C6 dž TÀI-IÚ IK-IÔNG HÛ Ê LATING SIÓ-SIÁ JĪ-BIÓ DZ sī U+01C5 (Dž) ê sió-siá hîng-sik.
- U+02A3 ʣ LATING SIÓ-SIÁ DZ JĪ-HA̍P JĪ-BIÓ teh li̍k-sú siōng pat iōng-teh piáu-sī IPA tang-tiong ê to̍k khí-gûn sik-tshat im.
- U+10787 𐞇 SIU-SIK SIÓ-SIÁ DZ JĪ-HA̍P JĪ-BIÓ sī U+02A3 ê siōng-piau hîng-sik, mā sī tsi̍t-ê IPA ê siōng-piau jī-bió[8]
- U+02A5 ʥ TÀI-IÚ KUÁN-KHIOK Ê LATING SIÓ-SIÁ DZ JĪ-HA̍P JĪ-BIÓ li̍k-sú siōng iōng-teh piáu-sī IPA tang-tiong ê to̍k gûn-go̍k sik-chhat im.
- U+10789 𐞉 TÀI-IÚ KUÁN-KHIOK Ê SIU-SIK SIÓ-SIÁ DZ JĪ-HA̍P JĪ-BIÓ sī U+02A5 ê siōng-piau hîng-sik, mā sī IPA ê siōng-piau jī-bió.[8]
- U+AB66 ꭦ TÀI Ū KŃG-TSI̍H KAU Ê LATING SIÓ-SIÁ ⟨DZ⟩ Ê JĪ-HA̍P JĪ-BIÓ sī iōng-teh hàn-ha̍k hām tsōng-gú tsuán-lio̍k tang-tiong ê to̍k kuán-sia̍t sat-tshat im (voiced retroflex affricate).[9]
- U+10788 𐞈 TÀI-IÚ KUÀN KUÀ-KAU Ê SIU-SIK SIÓ-SIÁ DZ JĪ-HA̍P JĪ-BIÓ sī U+AB66 ê siōng-piau hîng-sik, mā sī IPA ê siōng-piau jī-bió[8]
- U+02A4 ʤ LATING SIÓ-SIÁ DEZH JĪ-HA̍P JĪ-BIÓ sī sió-siá d hām ezh (tài bué-pōo ê z) ê liân-jī, í-tsîng iōng-teh IPA
- U+1078A 𐞊 SIU-SIK SIÓ-SIÁ DEZH JĪ-HA̍P JĪ-BIÓ sī U+02A4 ê siōng-piau hîng-sik, mā sī IPA ê jī-bió[8]
- U+1DF12 𝼒 LATING SIÓ-SIÁ DEZH JĪ-HA̍P JĪ-BIÓ HĀM TSHUÌ-KUÀ KAU iōng-teh gú-im tsuán-siá[10][11]
- U+1DF19 𝼙 TÀI-IÚ ĀU-KHUT KAU (RETROFLEX HOOK) Ê LATING SIÓ-SIÁ DEZH JĪ-HA̍P JĪ-BIÓ í-king iōng-teh Pholân-gú ê gú-im biâu-su̍t tang-tiong[12]
Tsù-kái[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyên Nguyên (May 2004). "Từ chữ Nôm đến quốc ngữ: Dzương Quí Phi và Cơm Gà Hải Nam" [From chữ Nôm to the Vietnamese alphabet: Dzương Quí Phi and Hainanese chicken rice] (ēng Oa̍t-lâm-gí). Ái Hữu Công Chánh. goân-loē-iông tī December 31, 2015 hőng khó͘-pih. December 31, 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.
- ↑ Kalocsay & Waringhien (1985) Plena analiza gramatiko de Esperanto, §17, 22
- ↑ van Oostendorp, Marc (1999). Syllable structure in Esperanto as an instantiation of universal phonology. Esperantologio / Esperanto Studies 1, 52 80. p. 68
- ↑ Pierre Janton, Esperanto: Language, Literature, and Community. Translated by Humphrey Tonkin et al. State University of New York Press, 1993. ISBN 0-7914-1254-7.
- ↑ J. C. Wells, Lingvistikaj Aspektoj de Esperanto, Universala Esperanto-Asocio, 1978. ISBN 92 9017 021 2.
- ↑ http://real-j.mtak.hu/6065/1/MagyarNyelvor_1984.pdf p. 399
- ↑ Minh Anh (February 20, 2011). "Câu chuyện về gia đình nữ cựu điệp viên CIA gốc Việt" [The story of the family of a Vietnamese former CIA spy]. Voice of America (ēng Oa̍t-lâm-gí). December 31, 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF).
- ↑ Everson, Michael (2017-08-17). "L2/17-299: Proposal to add two Sinological Latin letters" (PDF).
- ↑ Miller, Kirk (2020-07-11). "L2/20-125R: Unicode request for expected IPA retroflex letters and similar letters with hooks" (PDF).
- ↑ Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF).
- ↑ Miller, Kirk; Everson, Michael (2021-01-03). "L2/21-004: Unicode request for dezh with retroflex hook" (PDF).
Tsham-ua̍t[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]
- Multigraph
- Digraph
- Trigraph
- Pentagraph
- Tetragraph
- Hexagraph
- Bigram
- Diphthong
