Pennsylvania Tek-gí
Pennsylvania Dutch | |
---|---|
Pennsylvania German | |
Pennsilfaanisch Deitsch | |
Goân-chū kok-ka | United States, Canada |
Sú-iōng tē-khu |
United States:
Canada: Elsewhere in North America and some spots in Central America |
Bîn-cho̍k | Pennsylvania Dutch |
bú-gí sú-iōng-chiá |
237,000 (2016-2020 American Community Survey)[1] to 350,000 (2012)[2] (L2 speakers: about 3,000) |
Gí-hē | |
Gí-giân tāi-bé | |
ISO 639-3 |
pdc |
Glottolog |
penn1240 |
ELP | Pennsylvania German |
Linguasphere |
52-ACB-he |
![]() Blue: The counties with the highest proportion of Pennsylvania German speakers. Red: The counties with the highest number of Pennsylvania German speakers. Purple: The counties with both the highest proportion and highest number of Pennsylvania German speakers. | |
![]() Pennsylavia Dutch is not endangered according to the classification system of the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger | |
Pennsylvania Tek-gí (Pennsilfaanisch Deitsch ia̍h Pennsylvania Dutch) sī chi̍t chióng ko-tē Tek-gí; chú-iàu hun-pò͘ tī Bí-kok ê Pennsylvania, Indiana kap Ohio téng chiu. Sú-iōng-chiá tāi-khài ū 15-bān chì 25-bān chó-iū. Só͘-ū Amisch lóng ē-hiáu kóng Pennsylvania Tek-gí.
Hō-miâ
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]Dutch nā chiàu phó͘-thong hoan-e̍k sī "Hô-lân-ê", chóng nā tī chit-ê lí-lō͘ m̄-sí leh kóng Hô-lâng-lâng. Le̍k-sú-ha̍k-kài it-poaⁿ chiap-siū kóng Pennsylvania Dutch chit-ê hō-miâ lāi-bīn ê Dutch, sī tùi kâng gí-goân ê Deitsch ê bîn-kan tàu-jī.[3][4]
Koh lēng-gōa chi̍t khoán lí-lūn sī kóng tī khah-chá ê Eng-gí Dutch ì-sù iáu bô chhiūⁿ kin-á-ji̍t hiah chheng-chhó, m̄ ka-na kóng Hô-lân-lâng, tian-tó sī ē-tàng piáu-sī kok chióng tùi Au-chiu tāi-lio̍k chhut-sin, kóng Sai German giân-gí ê jîn-kûn.[5]
Chham-chiàu
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]- ↑ 2016 American Community Survey, 5-year estimates (https://usa.ipums.org/usa/sda/)
- ↑ Steven Hartman Keiser: Pennsylvania German in the American Midwest, 2012
- ↑ Hostetler, John A. (1993), Amish Society, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, p. 241
- ↑ "Pennsylvania German language, alphabet and pronunciation". www.omniglot.com. 1 April 2018 khòaⁿ--ê.
- ↑ Weaver, Kyle R. (2006), "Meet Don Yoder, Dean of Folklife Scholars", Pennsylvania Heritage, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 9–10
Guā-pōo liân-kiat
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]![]() |
Wikisource has the text of the 1921 Collier's Encyclopedia article Pennsylvania Dutch. |
Organizations
- German Society of Pennsylvania
- The Pennsylvania German Society
- Deutsch-Pennsylvanischer Arbeitskreis / German-Pennsylvanian Association
Pennsylvania German
- Hiwwe wie Driwwe – The Pennsylvania German Newspaper
Further information
- Recordings of native speakers
- Pennsylvania German in non-Amish, non-Mennonite communities
- From the Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online
- Possible explanations for the confusion of names
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