Tâi-oân Kheh-ka-gí
Tâi-oân Kheh-ka-gí (Hàn-jī: 臺灣客家語), sio̍k-chheng Kheh-ōe (客話), sī Tâi-oân ê Kheh-lâng leh kóng ê Kheh-ka-gí, goân-chū Tiong-kok Kńg-tang tang-pō͘, koh ū Hok-kiàn lâm-pō͘ kap sai-pō͘, taⁿ sī Tâi-oân ê kok-ka gí-giân. Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ hō-chò Kńg-tang-gí (廣東語), tī hit-chūn ia̍h-ū chiâⁿ chōe Kheh-gí-bûn ê chok-phín.[1] Kin-kù 2020 nî ê pò-kò, Tâi-oân Kheh-ka-gí ê sú-ēng chêng-hêng, Sì-koān-kiuⁿ--ê chiàm ū 57.5%, Lâm Sì-koān-khiūⁿ--ê chiàm ū 1.3%, Hái-lio̍k-khiuⁿ--ê chiàm ū 35.8%, Tōa-pō͘-khiuⁿ--ê chiàm ū 4.1%, Jiâu-pêng-khiuⁿ--ê chiàm ū 0.6%, koh-ū Chiàu-an-khiuⁿ--ê chiàm ū 0.7%.[2]
Khiuⁿ-kháu
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]Tâi-oân Kheh-ka-gí ê khiuⁿ-kháu sī àn-chiàu chó͘-che̍k-tē hō-miâ--ê.
Sì-koān-khiuⁿ
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]Sì-koān-khiuⁿ (四縣腔; Kheh-pheng: xi ien kiongˊ) lâi-chū Chheng-kok Kńg-tang-séng Ka-èng Ti̍t-lē-chiu (嘉應直隸州) Têng-hiong-koān (程鄉縣), Heng-lêng-koān (興寧縣), Tìn-pêng-koān (鎮平縣), Pêng-oán-koān (平遠縣) chit sì koān. Sî-koān-kiuⁿ sī Tâi-oân Kheh-ka-gí siōng chú-liû ê khiuⁿ-kháu, mā sī kong-chiòng to͘-ha̍p hòng-sàng (thih-lō͘, chia̍t-ūn) só͘ sú-iōng ê phiau-chún.
Sì-koān-kiuⁿ tī Tâi-oân hun-pò͘ ê só͘-chāi ū:
- Thô-hn̂g-chhī ê Tiong-le̍k-khu, Pêng-tìn-khu, Iûⁿ-mûi-khu (pō͘-hūn), Lêng-thâm-khu.
- Sin-tek-koān ê Koan-se-tìn (pō͘-hūn), Gô-bî-hiong (pō͘-hūn).
- Biâu-le̍k-koān ê Biâu-le̍k-chhī, Chō-kiô-hiong, Kong-koán-hiong, Thâu-hūn-chhī (pō͘-hūn), Lâm-chng-hiong (pō͘-hūn), Sam-oan-hiong, Tōa-ô͘-hiong, Tâng-lô-hiong, Sam-gī-hiong, Se-ô͘-hiong, Thâu-ok-hiong, Tah-lân-tìn (tōa-pō͘-hūn), Thong-siau-tìn (pō͘-hūn), Āu-lâng-tìn(pō͘-hūn).
- Lio̍k-tui Tē-khu: Ko-hiông-chhī ê Bi-long-khu, Sam-nâ-khu, La̍k-ku-khu. Pîn-tong-koān ê Tek-chhân-hiong, Bân-bân-hiong, Lāi-po͘-hiong, Tióng-tī-hiong, Lîn-lo̍k-hiong, Sin-pi-hiong, Ka-tang-hiong, Ko-chhiū-hiong.
- Tâi-tang-koān ê Tî-siōng-hiong, Koan-san-tìn, Lo̍k-iá-hiong, Sêng-kong-tìn, Pi-lâm-hiong, Thài-mâ-lí-hiong.
- Hoa-liân-koān ê Hoān-liân-chhī, Kiat-an-hiong, Hù-lí-hiong.
In-ūi Lio̍k-tui Tē-khu ê Sì-koān-khiuⁿ Lâm Sì-koān-khiūⁿ (南四縣腔)
Hái-lio̍k-khiuⁿ
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]Hái-lio̍k-khiuⁿ (海陸腔; hoiˊ liugˋ kiongˋ) lâi-chū Chheng-kok Kńg-tang-séng Hūi-chiu-hù ê Hái-hong-koān (海豐縣) kap Lio̍k-hong-koān (陸豐縣).
Tōa-po͘-khiuⁿ
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]Tōa-pō͘-khiuⁿ (大埔腔; taiˋ pu+ kiong+)
Jiâu-pêng-khiuⁿ
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]Jiâu-pêng-khiuⁿ (饒平腔; ngiau pin kiongˇ; Biâu-le̍k Tah-lân: ngiauˋ pinˋ kiongˇ）
Chiàu-an-khiuⁿ
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]Chiàu-an-khiuⁿ (詔安腔; zhio^ onˇ kiongˇ) lâi-chū Chheng-kok Hok-kiàn-séng Chiang-chiu-hú ê Chiàu-an-koān (詔安縣), Lâm-chēng-koān (南靖縣), Pêng-hô-koān (平和縣), Hûn-siau-koān (雲霄縣). Sû-lūi kah Ho̍h-lò-ōe ū bē-chió só͘-chāi sio-kâng, m̄-koh mā ū chiok chē te̍k-sû ê sû-lūi kap im-ūn cho͘-ha̍p.
Gí-im
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]Bó-im
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]Chit tiuⁿ pió í Sì-koān-khiuⁿ ûi chú, kî-thaⁿ khiuⁿ-kháu ē chò chù-kái.[3] Kî-tiong téng chōa sī Kok-chè Im-piau, ē pâi tò-chhiú sī Kheh-ka-gí Pheng-im Hong-àn, ē chōa chiàⁿ-chhiú sī Tâi-oân Hông-im Hû-hō.
| Chêng-bó-im | Iong-bó-im | Āu-bó-im | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Koân-bó-im | [i]i／ㄧ | [ɨ]ii／帀 | [u]u／ㄨ |
| Tiong-bó-im | [e]e／ㄝ | [ə]er／ㄜ | [o]o／ㄛ |
| Pòaⁿ-kē-bó-im | [ɛ]ee | [ɔ]oo | |
| Kē-goân-im | [a]a／ㄚ |
- "ee, oo" kan-taⁿ Chiàu-an-khiuⁿ leh iōng.
- "er" kan-taⁿ chhut-hiān tī Hái-lio̍k-khiuⁿ, Jiâu-pêng-khiuⁿ ê sió-chheng (小稱) sû-bóe
- Tah-lân Jiâu-pêng-khiuⁿ, Hûn-lîm Chiàu-an-khiuⁿ, Lio̍k-tui Ko-chhiū téng-téng só͘-chāi bô bó-im /ɨ/.[bô chhut-chhù]
Chú-im
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]Siaⁿ-tiāu
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]Í-hā ê chu-liāu sī tùi Kheh-ka Úi-oân-hōe ê kàu-châi lâi--ê.[4] Tān-sī ha̍k-chiá Tēⁿ Bêng-tiong (鄭明中) bat chò-kòe tiâu-cha, tit-tio̍h bô-kâng ê tiāu-ta̍t.
| Im-piâⁿ | Iông-piâⁿ | sióng-siaⁿ | Im-khì | Iông-khì | Im-ji̍p | Iông-ji̍p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lē-jī | 夫 | 扶 | 府 | 富 | 護 | 福 | 服 | |
| Pak-sì-koān-khiuⁿ (Biâu-le̍k) | vˊ 24 | v+ 33 | vˇ 11 | vˋ 31 | v 55 | vdˋ 2 | vd 5 | |
| Lâm-sì-koān-khiuⁿ (Bi-long) | vˊ 24 | v+ 33 | vˇ 11 | vˋ 31 | v 55 | vdˋ 2 | vd 5 | |
| Hái-lio̍k-khiuⁿ | vˋ 53 | v 55 | vˊ 24 | vˇ 11 | v+ 33 | vd 5 | vdˋ 2 | |
| Tōa-po͘-khiuⁿ | v+ 33 | vˊ35[chù 1] | vˇ 113 | v^ 31 | vˋ 53 | vd^ 21 | vdˋ 54 | |
| Jiâu-pêng-khiuⁿ (Sim-tek) | vˇ 11 | v 55 | vˋ 53 | vˊ 24 | vˋ 2 | v 5 | ||
| Jiâu-pêng-khiuⁿ (Tah-lân, Thô-hn̂g) | vˇ 11 | vˋ 53 | v^ 31 | v 55 | vˋ 2 | v 5 | ||
| Chiàu-an-khiuⁿ | vˇ 11 | vˋ 53 | v^ 31 | v 55 | vdˊ 24 | vdˋ 43 | ||
- v tāi-piáu ūn-bó，vd tāi-piáu tòa po̍k-phò-im ê ūn-bó, tō sī ji̍p-siaⁿ-ūn; siaⁿ-tiāu hû-hō thóng-it piau-sī tī leh chiàⁿ-pêng-téng--á.
- Tâi-oân Kheh-ka-gí sióng-siaⁿ bô hun im, iông.
Piàn-tiāu
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]Sì-koān-khiuⁿ ê piàn-tiāu
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]- Im-piâⁿ (24) im-chat āu-piah tòe khì-siâⁿ (55), iông-ji̍p (5) ia̍h sī lēng-gōa chi̍t ê im-piâⁿ (24), thâu-chêng hit-ê im-chat lóng ài tha̍k-chò 11, káⁿ-ná sī iông-piâⁿ.
- 新衫 (xinˊ samˊ) tha̍k--khí-lâi káⁿ-ná “xinˇ samˊ”.
- 針線 (ziimˊ xien) tha̍k--khí-lâi káⁿ-ná “ziimˇ xien”.
- 音樂 (imˊ ngog) tha̍k--khí-lâi káⁿ-ná “imˇ ngog”.
Bûn-jī
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]- Hàn-jī
- Piáu-im Pûn-jī
- Kheh-gí Pe̍h-oē-jī (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ)
- Tâi-oân Kheh-ka-gí Pheng-im Hong-àn
- TLPA téng
- Hàn-lô (hàn-jī kap Lô-má-jī sio lām)
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Chu-liāu Lâi-goân
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]- ↑ 野田岳陽《台灣土語叢誌·廣東語》（1900年）、志波吉太郎《廣東語會話篇》（1915年）、劉克明《廣東語集成》（1918年）、台灣總督府《廣東語辭典》（1932年）、菅向榮《廣東語の手引》（1933年）、河野登喜壽《廣東語の研究》（1933年）等等。
- ↑ Kheh-ka Úi-oân-hōe. (2017)。2016 Nî Choân-kok Kheh-ka Jîn-kháu kap Giân-gí Ki-chhó͘ Chu-liāu Tiau-cha Gián-kiù.
- ↑ 教育部。(2012)。客家語拼音方案使用手冊。
- ↑ Kheh-ka Úi-oân-hōe (2018). Kheh-gí lêng-le̍k jīn-chèng ki-pún sû-lūi — Chho͘-kip (Sì-koān-khiuⁿ). Sin-pak-chhī: Kheh-ka Úi-oân-hōe. Tē 25 ia̍h.
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