Khā-lú-siúm

Khā-lú-siúm,  ₂₀Ca

Spectral lines of calcium
Ki-pún sèng-chit
Miâ, hû-hō	Khā-lú-siúm, Ca
Eng-bûn	calcium
Gōa-hêng	dull gray, silver; with a pale yellow tint
Khā-lú-siúm tī chiu-kî-piáu lāi ê ūi-tì
Mg ↑ Ca ↓ Sr Kalium ← Khā-lú-siúm → scandium
Goân-chú-hoan	20
Goân-chú-liōng (±)	40.078(4)
Goân-sò͘ lūi-pia̍t	kiⁿ-thó͘ kim-sio̍k
Cho̍k, hun-khu	2 cho̍k, s khu
Chiu-kî	tē 4 chiu-kî
Tiān-chú pâi-lia̍t	[Ar] 4s2
per shell	2, 8, 8, 2
Bu̍t-lí sèng-chit
Siòng	kò͘-thé
Iûⁿ-tiám	1115 K ​(842 °C, ​1548 °F)
Hut-tiám	1757 K ​(1484 °C, ​2703 °F)
Bi̍t-tō͘  (sek-un)	1.55 g·cm−3
1.378 g·cm−3
Iûⁿ-hoà-jia̍t	8.54 kJ·mol−1
Cheng-hoat-jia̍t	154.7 kJ·mol−1
Jia̍t-iông-liōng	25.929 J·mol−1·K−1
cheng-khì-ap P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k tī T (K) 864 956 1071 1227 1443 1755
Goân-chú sèng-chit
Sng-hòa-sò͘	+2, +1, −1 ​(a strongly basic oxide)
Tiān-hū-tō͘	Pauling scale: 1.00
Tiān-lī-lêng	1st: 589.8 kJ·mol−1 2nd: 1145.4 kJ·mol−1 3rd: 4912.4 kJ·mol−1 (more)
Goân-chú pòaⁿ-kèng	empirical: 197 pm
Kiōng-kè pòaⁿ-kèng	176±10 pm
Van der Waals pòaⁿ-kèng	231 pm
Cha̍p-lio̍k
Chiⁿ-thé kò͘-chō	​face-centered cubic (fcc)
Siaⁿ-sok (sòe kùn-á)	3810 m·s−1 (at 20 °C)
Jia̍t-phòng-tiòng	22.3 µm·m−1·K−1 (at 25 °C)
Jia̍t-thoân-tō-lu̍t	201 W·m−1·K−1
Tiān-chó͘-lu̍t	33.6 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Chû-sèng	diamagnetic
Young hē-sò͘	20 GPa
Shear hē-sò͘	7.4 GPa
Bulk hē-sò͘	17 GPa
Poisson pí	0.31
Mohs ngē-tō͘	1.75
Brinell ngē-tō͘	170–416 MPa
CAS teng-kì pian-hō	7440-70-2
Le̍k-sú
Hoat-hiān kap siōng chá ê tông-ūi-sò͘	Humphry Davy (1808)
Chòe ún-tēng ê tông-ūi-sò͘
Chú bûn-chiong: Khā-lú-siúm ê tông-ūi-sò͘
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 40Ca 96.941% >5.9×1021 y (β+β+) 0.194 40Ar 41Ca trace 1.03×105 y ε – 41K 42Ca 0.647% 42Ca is stable with 22 neutrons 43Ca 0.135% 43Ca is stable with 23 neutrons 44Ca 2.086% 44Ca is stable with 24 neutrons 45Ca syn 162.7 d β− 0.258 45Sc 46Ca 0.004% >8.8×1022 y (β−β−) 0.988 46Ti 47Ca syn 4.536 d β− 0.694, 1.99 47Sc γ 1.297 – 48Ca 0.187% 4.3×1019 y β−β− 4.274 48Ti (β−) 0.0058 48Sc
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed

Khā-lú-siúm (Ji̍t-pún-gí: カルシウム) sī 1 ê hoà-ha̍k goân-sò͘, goân-chú-hoan sī 20, hoà-ha̍k hû-hō sī Ca. I ê Eng-bûn sī Calcium, chia sû ùi Latin-gí calcis ("chio̍h-hoe") lâi.